{"id":18018,"date":"2021-10-05T09:32:07","date_gmt":"2021-10-05T04:32:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=18018"},"modified":"2021-10-05T09:32:07","modified_gmt":"2021-10-05T04:32:07","slug":"fan-taraqqiyotida-movarounnahrlik-ulamolarning-o%ca%bbrni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18018&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"FAN TARAQQIYOTIDA MOVAROUNNAHRLIK ULAMOLARNING O\u02bbRNI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Movarounnahrda Islom sivilizatsiyasi taraqqiyotining ilk bosqichlari yettinchi asrdan boshlangan bo\u02bblsa, 8-9 asrlarga kelib, bu o\u02bblkada qudratli sivilizatsion taraqqiyot jonlandi. Bu hodisa bir tomondan madaniy taraqqiyotning qadimiy o\u02bbchog\u02bbi hisoblangan bu yurtda qayta tiklanish ro\u02bby berayotganligi sababli, ikkinchi tomondan islom sivilizatsiyasining ma\u02bcrifatparvarlik va gumanistik mohiyati o\u02bbzining eng qulay zaminiga o\u02bbrnashganligi oqibatida sodir bo\u02bbldi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Antuan de Ekzyuperi o\u02bbzining \u201cKichik shahzoda\u201d nomli asarida bir voqeani hikoya qiladi. Bu hikoyada bayon etilishicha, kunlardan birida astronomiya bo\u02bbyicha xalqaro simpoziumda bir turk olimi turkcha libosda minbarga chiqib, bir yangi yulduzni kashf etganligini ma\u02bclum qiladi. Zaldagilar bu yangilikka e\u02bctibor bermasdan turkcha libosli astronomning ustidan kulishadi. Kelgusi simpoziumda esa o\u02bbsha olim yevropacha zamonaviy kiyimda yana o\u02bbsha yangilikni aytganida, hamma o\u02bbrnidan turib uni olqishlashadi. Bu hikoya fransuz adibining kitobiga bejiz kiritilmagan edi. Dunyoda osiyoliklarga, xususan turkiy sivilizatsiya vakillariga kamsitib qarash odatiy holga aylanib qolgan, ularni jahon sivilizatsiyasi yutuqlaridan ancha orqada qolgan, yovvoyi\u00a0 va to\u02bbpori xalqlar deb hisoblash yevropaliklar orasida keng tarqalgan edi. Buning ustiga arab aristrokratlari orasida ham ba\u02bczan arab bo\u02bblmagan osiyoliklarga kamsitib qarash, o\u02bbzlarini haqiqiy musulmonlar hisoblab, boshqalarni esa islomni keyin qabul qilgan ajamliklar deb, ularning ta\u02bclimotlariga nopisandlik bilan qarash odati uchraydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Aslida vaziyat boshqacharoqdir: Arab hukmdorlaridan xalifa Horun ar-Rashid (766-809) va uning forslik kanizagidan tug\u02bbilgan farzandi xalifa Ma\u02bcmun (786-833) davrida arab xalifaligida ilm-fan taraqqiyotiga alohida e\u02bctibor berilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adolatli hukmdor nomi bilan dunyoga mashhur bo\u02bblgan Horun ar-Rashidning tashabbusi bilan Bag\u02bbdodda kutubxona tashkil etiladi. Xalifa Ma\u02bcmun davrida esa oliy madrasa, ya\u02bcni universitet bunyod etiladi. Universitet va kutubxona zamirida donishmandlar uyi \u201cBayt ul-Hikma\u201d shakllangan. Bu tashkilotni hozirgi fanlar akademiyasiga qiyoslash mumkin. Bu tashkilot Movarounnahrdan keltirilgan olimlar kuchi bilan rivojlantirilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ma\u02bcmun dastlab Xurosonda voliy, ya\u02bcni hokimlik qilgan paytlari o\u02bbsha davrda jahonga mashhur bo\u02bblgan turkiy olimlarni Xorazm, Samarqand va Farg\u02bbona vodiysidan olib kelib, Marvda, hozirgi Turkmanistonning Mari shahrida, olimlarning munozaralarini tashkil etgan. Marvdagi bu olimlar kengashining yuragi va harakatlantiruvchi kuchlari Xorazm va Turonning boshqa yerlaridan kelgan olimlar edi. Ma\u02bcmun hokimiyatini mustahkamlab turganlar ham, islom sivilizatsiyasining tamal toshlarini bunyod qilganlar ham o\u02bbshalar edi. Bag\u02bbdoddagi \u201cBayt ul-Hikma\u201dning dastlabki kutubxonachilaridan (Keshiy) tortib, mazkur ilm-fan akademiyasining prezidentigacha (al-Xorazmiy), yetakchi mudarrislaridan (Marvaziy, Ahmad Farg\u02bboniy) tortib, xazinabonlarigacha turkistonlik, xorazmlik, samarqandlik, farg\u02bbonalik, o\u02bbzganlik turkiy olimlar bo\u02bblishgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu olimlar shu davrda o\u02bbnlik sanoq sistemasini iste\u02bcmolga kiritgan, algebra fanini kashf qilib bergan Al-Xorazmiy, Nil daryosining toshish davrlarini oldindan aytib beruvchi Miqyosi Nilni ixtiro qilib, fizika, astronomiya fanlarining ildizini ishlab chiqqan Ahmad Farg\u02bboniy, geometriya, trigonometriya, ximiya, fizika, geodeziya singari o\u02bbnlab hozirgi zamon tabiiy, tibbiy va mantiqiy fanlarining asoslarini (o\u02bbsha davrlarda) ishlab chiqqan olimlar ham o\u02bbshalar ichidan chiqqan edi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ma\u02bcmun otasi vafotidan so\u02bbng, taxtga o\u02bbtirgan akasi al-Aminning qo\u02bblidan 813 yili, arablarga qarshi fuqarolar urushi vositasida taxtni qo\u02bblga oladi va Movarounnahrlik ma\u02bcrifatparvar olimlar bilan birgalikda Bag\u02bbdodda ilm-fan taraqqiyoti yo\u02bblida jonkuyarlik qiladi. Turkiy olimlar ishtirokida Xurosonda (Marvda) tashkil etilgan ilm-fan to\u02bbgaragini ham Bag\u02bbdodga ko\u02bbchiradi. Bu ilmiy anjumanga mashhur bobokalonimiz Abu Abdulloh Muhammad ibn Muso Al Xorazmiy (783-850) rahbarlik qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu davrda samoviy jismlarning harakatlanishini aniqroq o\u02bblchash maqsadida 829 yili Bag\u02bbdodda astronomik observatoriya quriladi, qadimgi yunon faylasuf-olimlarining tabiiy-ilmiy, tibbiy va astronomik asarlari arab tiliga tarjima qilinadi, jumladan, Ptolomeyning \u201cAlmagest\u201d asari ham o\u02bbsha anjuman olimlari tomonidan tarjima qilingan. Donishmandlar uyida ijod qiluvchi olimlar Yer meridiani uzunligini aniqlash, arab xalifaligi joylashgan yerlarning geografik xaritalarini chizish, xalq orasida afsonaviy xususiyatlari bilan nomi chiqqan sirli g\u02bborlarga ekspeditsiyalar uyushtirish ishlarini ham olib borishgan. Bu olimlar farg\u02bbonalik Ahmad Farg\u02bboniy, turkistonlik Ibn Turk, Habash al-Hasib, marvlik Marvaziy, keshlik Keshiy singari donishmandlar edi.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Davomi bor\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Professor Baxtiyor TO\u02bbRAYEV \u2013 falsafa fanlari doktori,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Anvar BOBOYEV<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Movarounnahrda Islom sivilizatsiyasi taraqqiyotining ilk bosqichlari yettinchi asrdan boshlangan bo\u02bblsa, 8-9 asrlarga kelib, bu o\u02bblkada qudratli sivilizatsion taraqqiyot jonlandi. Bu hodisa bir tomondan madaniy taraqqiyotning qadimiy o\u02bbchog\u02bbi hisoblangan bu yurtda qayta tiklanish ro\u02bby berayotganligi sababli, ikkinchi tomondan islom sivilizatsiyasining ma\u02bcrifatparvarlik va gumanistik mohiyati o\u02bbzining eng qulay zaminiga o\u02bbrnashganligi oqibatida sodir bo\u02bbldi. Antuan de Ekzyuperi o\u02bbzining …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":903,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nFAN TARAQQIYOTIDA MOVAROUNNAHRLIK ULAMOLARNING O\u02bbRNI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=18018&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FAN TARAQQIYOTIDA MOVAROUNNAHRLIK ULAMOLARNING O\u02bbRNI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Movarounnahrda Islom sivilizatsiyasi taraqqiyotining ilk bosqichlari yettinchi asrdan boshlangan bo\u02bblsa, 8-9 asrlarga kelib, bu o\u02bblkada qudratli sivilizatsion taraqqiyot jonlandi. Bu hodisa bir tomondan madaniy taraqqiyotning qadimiy o\u02bbchog\u02bbi hisoblangan bu yurtda qayta tiklanish ro\u02bby berayotganligi sababli, ikkinchi tomondan islom sivilizatsiyasining ma\u02bcrifatparvarlik va gumanistik mohiyati o\u02bbzining eng qulay zaminiga o\u02bbrnashganligi oqibatida sodir bo\u02bbldi. 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