{"id":17523,"date":"2021-09-07T11:45:38","date_gmt":"2021-09-07T06:45:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=17523"},"modified":"2021-09-07T11:45:38","modified_gmt":"2021-09-07T06:45:38","slug":"g%ca%bbarblik-olimlar-mo%ca%bbminlar-axloqi-haqida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=17523&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"G\u02bbARBLIK OLIMLAR \u2013 MO\u02bbMINLAR AXLOQI HAQIDA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Islom sha\u02bcniga har xil asossiz va bo\u02bbhton gap-so\u02bbzlar aytilayotganiga qaramay, u tinchlik, saxovat, adolat va mehr-oqibat dini ekanini hech kim inkor qila olmaydi. Ammo bugun ayrim musulmonlarning o\u02bbz dini bilan yanglish munosabatda bo\u02bblayotgani odamlarni undan qochirmoqda, islomni shafqatsizlik va vahshiylik dini deb jar solishiga sabab bo\u02bblmoqda. Islom axloq-odob va tinchlik dini ekanining eng yorqin namunasi \u2013 bu Muhammad sollallohu alayhi vasallamdirlar. Zero, u zot alayhissalom o\u02bbz xulqlari bilan yon-atroflaridagi har bir kishi uchun unutilmas go\u02bbzal ibrat bo\u02bblganlar. Shuning uchun Payg\u02bbambar alayhissalom bilan muloqotda bo\u02bblgan mo\u02bbminlar ham, g\u02bbayridinlar ham u zotni eng rostgo\u02bby, omonatdor, adolatli va yaxshi inson deya shohidlik bergan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islomda axloqning o\u02bbrnini bayon qilish uchun Rasululloh sollallohu alayhi vasallamning:\u00a0\u201cMen go\u02bbzal axloqlarni tamomiga yetkazish uchun payg\u02bbambar qilib yuborildim\u201d<\/strong>, degan so\u02bbzlaridan yaxshiroq so\u02bbzni keltirish imkonsiz. Darhaqiqat, islom dinidan bexabar insonlarga uning sof insonparvarlik tamoyillarini so\u02bbz bilan ifodalab berish mumkin bo\u02bblganidek, jamiyatda ijtimoiy odoblarga rioya qilish bilan ham uni ko\u02bbrsatib berish mumkin. Ushbu maqolada musulmonlarning go\u02bbzal odob-axloqi oldida hayrat yoqasini ushlab, islom va musulmonlar haqidagi buzuq tasavvurlarni chilparchin qilib yuborgan ba\u02bczi bir g\u02bbarblik olimlarning fikr va xulosalari keltirib o\u02bbtilmoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adolat va tenglik<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Britaniyalik mashhur adib va faylasuf Tomas Karlayl (vaf.1881) bunday degan:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIslomda shunday yaxshi bir xislat borki, men uni eng ulug\u02bb va buyuk xislat deb bilaman. U ham bo\u02bblsa odamlar o\u02bbrtasidagi tenglikdir. Bu narsa eng to\u02bbg\u02bbri nazar va eng haq fikrdan dalolat bo\u02bbladi. Islomda odamlar barobardir. U sadaqani mo\u02bbminlar uchun suyukli sunnat amal sifatida joriy etibgina qolmasdan, balki har bir musulmon zimmasidagi majburiyat, dinning asosiy qoidalaridan biriga aylantirgan va uni boylarning mulkiga qarab belgilab bergan. Shunga ko\u02bbra, u umumiy boylikning qirqdan biri miqdoricha bo\u02bblib, kambag\u02bballar, miskinlar va muhtojlarga beriladi. Yaratganga qasam ichib aytamanki, bu juda go\u02bbzal ish. Bu sahro farzandi bo\u02bblmish Muhammadning ko\u02bbksidan otilib chiqqan insonparvarlik, mehr-shafqat, birodarlik va tenglik sadosidir\u201d. (Tomas Karleyl. \u201cQahramonlar\u201d, Muhammad Saboiy tarjimasi. Dorul kotibil arabiy, Bayrut \u2013 2017, 86-bet).<\/span><\/p>\n

Musulmonlarning fazilatlari<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Fransiyalik mutafakkir va huquqshunos olim Dominik Surdel (vaf.2014) musulmonlar axloqini bayon qilib quyidagilarni yozadi:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIslom haqiqiy fazilatlar dini ekanini inkor qilish imkonsiz. Ayniqsa, uning ijtimoiy fazilatlarini. Ular Qur\u02bcon chaqiriqlariga javob beradi. Biz ularni Alloh taoloning (bandalariga bergan) tavsiyalari ekanini, ular xuddi yaxshilikning davomidek namoyon bo\u02bblishini ko\u02bbramiz. Bu narsa, masalan, quyidagi ajoib oyatda belgilab qo\u02bbyilgan:\u00a0\u201c<\/strong>Yuzlaringizni Mashriq va Mag\u02bbrib tomonlarga burishingiz<\/strong>\u00a0(ibodat qilishingizning o\u02bbzi to\u02bbla)\u00a0yaxshilik emas, balki Allohga, oxirat kuniga, farishtalarga, kitoblarga, payg\u02bbambarlarga imon keltirgan, o\u02bbzi yaxshi ko\u02bbrgan molidan qarindoshlariga, yetimlarga, miskinlarga, yo\u02bblovchiga, tilanchilarga va qullarni ozod qilish yo\u02bblida beradigan, namozni to\u02bbkis ado etib, zakotni to\u02bblab yuradigan kishi va kelishilgan ahdlariga vafo qiluvchilar, shuningdek, og\u02bbir-yengil kunlarda va jang paytida sabr qiluvchilar yaxshilik\u00a0<\/strong>(ahli)dir. Aynan o\u02bbshalar<\/strong>\u00a0(imonlarida)\u00a0sodiqdirlar va aynan o\u02bbshalar taqvodordirlar\u201d\u00a0<\/strong>(Baqara surasi, 177-oyat). Binobarin, o\u02bbzaro hamkorlik, mehmondo\u02bbstlik, saxiylik, jamiyat a\u02bczolari o\u02bbrtasidagi omonatdorlik, xohish va qanoat o\u02bbrtasidagi mo\u02bbtadillik \u2013 ana shular musulmonlarni boshqalardan ajratib turadigan fazilatlardir. Ular chinakam namuna bo\u02bblib, inson tabiatining kuchi bilan yuksalishni istaydi. Musulmonlarga johiliyat davridagi arablar bexabar bo\u02bblgan iftixor va ulug\u02bblikni ato qilish uchun ana shu fazilatlar kifoyadir\u201d. (Dominik Surdel. \u201cIslom\u201d, Salim Qandalaft tarjimasi. Doru Havron, Damashq \u2013 2003, 107-bet).<\/span><\/p>\n

Tarixchi olim Uil Dyurant (vaf.1981) bunday degan: \u201cUmuman olganda, savdo-sotiq muomalasida, ahdga vafo qilishda, boshqalar bilan tuzadigan kelishuvlarga rioya etishda musulmonlar o\u02bbzga din vakillariga qaraganda yuksakroq ko\u02bbrinadi. Darhaqiqat, Salohiddin Ayyubiy salib yurishlarida ishtirok etganlar orasida eng fozili ekanini hamma hamma e\u02bctirof etgan. Musulmonlar yolg\u02bbon gapirishga kelganda, o\u02bbzlarini sharafli tutadilar. Ya\u02bcni, o\u02bblimdan qutulib qolish yoki raqibni yengish yoki xotinning qalbiga shodlik solish yoki din dushmanlari bilan bo\u02bbladigan urushda ularni aldash kabi holatlardagina yolg\u02bbon gapirish mumkin, deb biladilar. Islomiy odoblar o\u02bbz ichiga takalluf va ochiq yuzlikni jamlagan, musulmon kishi gapni \u201cAssalomu alaykum!\u201ddan boshlab, nihoyatda odob bilan gapiradi. Musulmonlar ham xuddi yahudiylar kabi bir-birlariga egilib, hatto quchoqlashib salomlashadi. Buning eng go\u02bbzal javobi \u201cSizga ham tinchlik, Allohning marhamati va barakotlari bo\u02bblsin!\u201d deyish bo\u02bbladi. Mehmondo\u02bbstlik musulmonlarning umumiy sifatidir\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Odatda musulmonlar yumshoqlik, insoniylik va bag\u02bbrikenglik namunasi bo\u02bblib tanilgan. Ular \u2013 o\u02bbrtahollarni vasf qiladigan bo\u02bblsak \u2013 ongi tez, zehni o\u02bbtkir, his-hayajonli bo\u02bblgani bois qalblariga quvonch solish, shodlantirish oson kechadi. Oddiylikka rozi, musibatga xotirjamlik bilan sabr qiluvchi, hayotning barcha voqea-hodisalarini sabr, ulug\u02bblik, vazminlik va viqor bilan qabul qiluvchi kishilardir\u201d. (Uil Dyurant. \u201cSivilizatsiya tarixi\u201d. Muhammad Badaron tarjimasi. Bayrut \u2013 2013. 11-jild, 141-bet).<\/span><\/p>\n

Musulmonlarning jafokashlarga mehr-shafqatliligi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ingliz sharqshunosi Tomas Arnold bir qator asarlarida musulmonlar bilan urushish uchun Sharqqa kelib, islom diniga o\u02bbtib ketgan ko\u02bbplab salibchi askarlar haqida yozgan. Chunki, urushdan keyin ular o\u02bbziga mehr beradigan, shafqat ko\u02bbrsatadigan kishilarni faqatgina musulmonlarning jang maydonlarida ko\u02bbrgan va ularning ko\u02bbpi islomni qabul qilgan. Buni o\u02bbsha vaqtda Sharqqa borgan barcha g\u02bbarbliklar qayd etgan. Bu muammoni hal etishning birgina chorasi sifatida tampliyerlar boshlig\u02bbi Amur de la Rosh (Amore de la Roche) 1266 yili Yevropaga chopar yuborib, Fransiya va Sitsiliyadagi Papa va uning noiblaridan kambag\u02bballar, qariyalar, qurol ko\u02bbtarishga kuchi yetmaydigan kishilarning dengiz orqali Falastinga o\u02bbtishiga monelik qilishini so\u02bbraydi. Chunki, bu shaxslar, Amur de la Rosh fikricha, arablar tomonidan yoki o\u02bblimga yoki asir olinishga yoki dinini o\u02bbzgartirib, islomni qabul qilishga duchor bo\u02bbladi. Hatto islom diniga kirmagan taqdirda ham musulmonlar diyorida ularning himoya va e\u02bctibori ostida hayot kechirishni afzal ko\u02bbrib qoladi. Zero, ular o\u02bbzlarining yangi xojalari \u2013 musulmonlardan butunlay rozi edi. (Tomas Arnold. \u201cIslomga da\u02bcvat\u201d. Doktor Hasan Ibrohim Husan, doktor Abdul Majid Obidin tarjimasi. Maktabatun nahzatil misriya, Qohira \u2013 1971, 108 va undan keyingi betlar).<\/span><\/p>\n

Olmon sharqshunosi Zigrid Xunke (vaf.1999) salibchilardan asir tushgan askarning amir Komil Ayyubiyga yozgan muhim hujjatini qayd etgan. Salibchilar Dimyot degan joyda juda katta xunrezliklarni amalga oshirganiga qaramay, ulardan asir tushganlarga nisbatan amirning mehr-shafqat va kechirimlilik bilan muomala qilganini ko\u02bbrib, u qattiq ta\u02bcsirlangani uchun o\u02bbsha hujjatni yuborgan edi. Xunke bunday yozadi: \u201cSulton Komil 1221 yili ushbu jangda g\u02bbalaba qozongach, asirlarni siyladi, ulardan jonga jon qilib qasos olmadi. Ketma-ket to\u02bbrt kun ularni taomlantirdi. Salibchilarning ochlikdan azob chekayotgan qo\u02bbshiniga har kuni o\u02bbttiz mingtadan non va boshqa oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarini yuborib turdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu siylovga ana shu asirlardan biri \u2013 germaniyalik ilohiyotchi olim Oliveros ham shohid bo\u02bblgan. U amir Komilga quyidagilarni yozadi: \u201cZamonlar osha hech kim bunday saxovat va olijanoblikni ko\u02bbrmagan. Ayniqsa, shafqatsiz dushman asirlariga nisbatan. Alloh bizni Sizning asirlaringiz bo\u02bblishimizni xohlagan ekan, biz Sizni mustabid zolim, buyuk xoja sifatida ko\u02bbrmadik. Sizni faqat bizga yaxshiliklar qilgan mehribon ota, musibat va falokatlar vaqtida najotkor shaxs sifatida ko\u02bbrdik, xolos. Bu saxiylik, bag\u02bbrikenglik va mehribonlik Allohning huzuridan ekaniga kim ham shubha qila olar edi?! Biz otalari, o\u02bbg\u02bbillari, qizlari, aka-ukalari va opa-singillarini qatl qilgan kishilarning asirlariga aylanib, ochlikdan o\u02bblishimizga yaqin qolgach, ular bizni o\u02bbzlaridan ustun qo\u02bbydilar. Faqat ularning rahm-shafqatlari ostida kuch-qudrat va saltanatsiz qolganimizda, qo\u02bbllaridan kelgunicha bizga yaxshiliklar qildilar\u201d\u201d. (Zigrid Xunke. \u201cAlloh unday emas\u201d. Doktor G\u02bbarib Muhammad G\u02bbarib tarjimasi. Dorush shuruq, Qohira \u2013 1995, 33-bet).<\/span><\/p>\n

Musulmonlarning g\u02bbayridinlarga muomalasi<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Musulmonlar haqida so\u02bbz ketgan manba va adabiyotlarning barida bu mavzu keng yoritilgan. Chunki, u musulmonlar bilan g\u02bbayridinlar o\u02bbrtasidagi eng yorqin farqlardan biridir. Jazoirda harbiy xizmat o\u02bbtagan fransuz yozuvchisi Genri de Kastri (vaf. 1927) quyidagilarni yozgan: \u201cMen tarixni o\u02bbqib chiqdim. So\u02bbng shunday fikrga keldimki, musulmonlarning nasroniylarga qilgan muomalasi xushmuomalalik va go\u02bbzal xulqlilikka dalolat qiladi. Bu \u2013 o\u02bbsha paytda ulardan boshqa hech kimda kuzatilmagan his-tuyg\u02bbu edi. Ayniqsa, shafqat va mehribonlik yevropaliklar uchun zaiflik belgisi hisoblangan bir paytda. Men bu haqiqatni ta\u02bcna qilish uchun hech qanday sabab ko\u02bbrmayapman\u201d. (Anri de Kastri. \u201cIslom: o\u02bbylar va fikrlar\u201d. Ahmad Fathi Zag\u02bblul tarjimasi. Maktabatun nofiza, Qohira \u2013 2008, 79-bet).<\/span><\/p>\n

Olmon sharqshunosi Adam Mes (vaf.1917) bunday yozadi: \u201cMusulmonlar orasida Nasroniylarning mavjudligi hozirgi zamon islohotchilari jar solayotgan bag\u02bbrikenglik asoslarining yuzaga kelishi uchun sabab bo\u02bbldi. Mushtarak hayot \u2013bunday hayot uchun ittifoqlik bo\u02bblishi zarur, albatta \u2013 ilk lahzadan boshlab O\u02bbrta asrlarda Ovrupoda ma\u02bclum bo\u02bblmagan bag\u02bbrikenglikning bir ko\u02bbrinishini paydo qildi. Uning namoyon bo\u02bblishiga dinshunoslik, ya\u02bcni turli dinlar, millat va elatlar o\u02bbrganiladigan fan, shuningdek, kuchli ishtiyoq bilan u fanni o\u02bbrganishga kirishish bosh sabab bo\u02bbldi\u201d. (Adam Mes. Muhammad Abdul Hodiy Abu Rayda tarjimasi, Hijriy IV asrda islom sivilizatsiyasi, al-markazul qovmiyya lit tarjama, Qohira \u2013 2008, 1-jild, 55-bet).<\/span><\/p>\n

Musulmonlarda hayvonotga munosabat<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Mashhur fransuz sharqshunosi Gustav le Bon (vaf.1931) bunday yozadi: \u201cSharqliklar itlar va barcha hayvonlarga katta mehr bilan muomala qiladi va siz biror arabning biror hayvonga zarar yetkazayotganini ko\u02bbrmaysiz. Hayvonlarga zarar yetkazish \u2013 bu Yevropadagi aravakashlarning odati. Shuning uchun arablarga hayvonlarni himoya qilish uchun uyushmalar tuzish shart emas. Haqiqat shundaki, Sharq \u2013hayvonlar uchun jannat, Sharqda itlar, mushuklar, qushlar va hokazolarga g\u02bbamxo\u02bbrlik qilinadi. Qushlar masjidlarda uchib yuradi, ularning ayvonlarida tinchgina in quradi, turnalar hech qanday zarar ko\u02bbrmasdan dalalarda boshpana topadi va siz biron bir bolaning qush uyasiga qo\u02bbl tekkizganini ko\u02bbrmaysiz. Qohirada menga ishonch bilan aytdilarki, \u2013 ba\u02bczi mualliflar zikr qilgan gaplar buni tasdiqlaydi \u2013 Qohirada bir masjid bo\u02bblib, ma\u02bclum bir soatlarda mushuklar ovqatlanish uchun u yerga kelar ekan. Bu narsa vaqf qiluvchilardan birining shartiga muvofiq uzoq yillardan beri davom etib kelayotgan ekan. Bu kabi kichik narsalar musulmonlar xulq-atvoriga, shuningdek, yevropaliklar ulardagi muloyimlik va mehribonlikdan ko\u02bbp narsani o\u02bbrganishi kerakligini ko\u02bbrsatadi\u201d. (Gustav le Bon. \u201cArablar sivilizatsiyasi\u201d. Odil Zuaytar tarjimasi. Muassasatu Hindoviy lit ta\u02bclimi vas saqofati, Qohira \u2013 2013. 372-bet).<\/span><\/p>\n

Demak, islomdan bexabar yoki u haqda salbiy yo noto\u02bbg\u02bbri tasavvurda bo\u02bblgan insonlarni bu din bilan, uning mohiyati to\u02bblaligicha ezgulikdan iborat mohiyati bilan yaqindan tanishtirishni maqsad qilgan musulmon avvalo o\u02bbz axloqini Payg\u02bbambar alayhissalom xulqlariga muvofiqlashtirib olishi zarur. Chindan ham Islom tinchlik, tenglik, adolat, saxovat va bag\u02bbrikenglik dini ekanini amalda ko\u02bbrsatib hayot kechirishni o\u02bbzi uchun bosh shior, bosh tamoyil etib belgilab olishi kerak.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alouddin N\u0415MATOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot\u00a0markazi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Islom sha\u02bcniga har xil asossiz va bo\u02bbhton gap-so\u02bbzlar aytilayotganiga qaramay, u tinchlik, saxovat, adolat va mehr-oqibat dini ekanini hech kim inkor qila olmaydi. Ammo bugun ayrim musulmonlarning o\u02bbz dini bilan yanglish munosabatda bo\u02bblayotgani odamlarni undan qochirmoqda, islomni shafqatsizlik va vahshiylik dini deb jar solishiga sabab bo\u02bblmoqda. Islom axloq-odob va tinchlik dini ekanining eng yorqin namunasi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17520,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nG\u02bbARBLIK OLIMLAR \u2013 MO\u02bbMINLAR AXLOQI HAQIDA - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=17523&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"G\u02bbARBLIK OLIMLAR \u2013 MO\u02bbMINLAR AXLOQI HAQIDA - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Islom sha\u02bcniga har xil asossiz va bo\u02bbhton gap-so\u02bbzlar aytilayotganiga qaramay, u tinchlik, saxovat, adolat va mehr-oqibat dini ekanini hech kim inkor qila olmaydi. Ammo bugun ayrim musulmonlarning o\u02bbz dini bilan yanglish munosabatda bo\u02bblayotgani odamlarni undan qochirmoqda, islomni shafqatsizlik va vahshiylik dini deb jar solishiga sabab bo\u02bblmoqda. 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