{"id":16756,"date":"2021-07-26T14:44:50","date_gmt":"2021-07-26T09:44:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=16756"},"modified":"2021-07-26T14:44:50","modified_gmt":"2021-07-26T09:44:50","slug":"xx-asr-boshlari-o%ca%bbzb%d0%b5kiston-xalq-maorifi-tizimida-bosh-vaqf-tashkiloti-vazifasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=16756&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"XX ASR BOSHLARI O\u02bbZB\u0415KISTON XALQ MAORIFI TIZIMIDA BOSH VAQF TASHKILOTI VAZIFASI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tarix silsilasida suveren davlatlar o\u02bbz hududi uchun milliy ta\u02bclim va tarbiyani qadriyatlari asosida boyitib, zamonaviylashtirib borgani ko\u02bbpchilikka manbalar asosida ayon. XIX asr o\u02bbrtalari O\u02bbrta Osiyoda boshlanib ketgan siyosiy kelishmovchiliklar, toju taxt kurashlari mintaqamizning Chor Rossiyasi mustamlakasiga aylanishiga sabab bo\u02bbldi. Ilm-fan va sivilizatsiya o\u02bbchoqlaridan biri bo\u02bblgan Turkiston iqtisodiy tanazzul va siyosiy zulm sababli maorifdan yiroqlashtirildi. Sobiq sho\u02bbro davrida esa ta\u02bclim-tarbiya jarayoni mafkuraviylashtirilib, yangi mazmun kasb etdi. Chunki, bolsheviklar tashabbusi bilan sotsialistik baynalmilal madaniyat yaratish bobida barcha milliy qadriyatlar birxillashtirildi. Bu jarayon \u201cmadaniy inqilob\u201d nomi bilan xalq ta\u02bclimiga ham daxl qildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ma\u02bclumki, XX asr boshlari O\u02bbzbekiston hududida Turkiston ASSR, Buxoro XSR va Xorazm XSR mavjud bo\u02bblgan. Bu davrda o\u02bblkada mahalliy maktablar, jadid maktablari (tazyiqlar ostida faoliyati taqiqlanayotgan edi \u2013 muallif), rus-tuzem maktablari va madrasalar faoliyati davom etmoqda edi. Tez orada sovet hukumati tashabbusi bilan an\u02bcanaviy maktab va madrasalarni sovetlashtirish ishlari boshlandi. Bu harakat boshida avval Ichki Ishlar Xalq Komissarligi (NKVD), keyin Maorif Xalq Komissarligi (NKP) tarkibiga o\u02bbtkazilgan Bosh Vaqf Boshqarmasi turgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkiston Markaziy Ijroiya Komitetining 1920 yil 26 fevraldagi 87-sonli[1]<\/a>\u00a0farmoni asosida barcha vaqf ishlari Ta\u02bclim boshqarmasi vakolatiga o\u02bbtkazildi. Respublikaning barcha vaqflarini boshqarish uchun Maorif Xalq Komissariati huzurida Turkiston Respublikasi Vaqf bo\u02bblimi tashkil etildi. Farg\u02bbona, Samarqand va Sirdaryo hududlari Viloyat Xalq Ta\u02bclimi boshqarmasi huzurida Viloyat Vaqf bo\u02bblimlari tuzildi. Bu bo\u02bblimlarning ishini yurgizish bilan viloyatlardagi kafedra mudirlari shug\u02bbullandi.\u00a0 Vaqf mulkini bevosita boshqarish uchun Maorif kasaba uyushmasi va Sotsialistik madaniyat xodimlari tarkibidan menejer-boshliq va yordamchi saylandi. Saylov jarayonida eng asosiy e\u02bctibor saylangan menejer va yordamchi musulmon bo\u02bblishiga qaratildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mazkur farmonda menejerning vazifalari ham belgilab o\u02bbtildi. Hujjatda ta\u02bckidlanishicha, menejer har bir vaqf mulki hujjati batafsil yoritilgan inventarizatsiya kitobini yuritishi kerak bo\u02bblgan. Barcha mulklarning yozma hujjatlari asl nusxalari bilan birga menejer tomonidan mintaqaviy Vaqf bo\u02bblimiga taqdim etib borilgan. Vaqf ko\u02bbchmas mulki gazetalarda va bozor maydonlarida maxsus shaxslar tomonidan e\u02bclon qilinishi asosida ochiq savdolar orqali ijaraga berilgan. Bundan tushgan mablag\u02bb esa Xalq Ta\u02bclimi Komissariati depozitiga jamlangan. Bu mablag\u02bb o\u02bbzbek, qirg\u02bbiz va tatar xalq ta\u02bclimi institutlari ehtiyojlari uchun foydalanilishi alohida qayd etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sho\u02bbro hukumati Vaqf mulki bilan dastlab juda ehtiyotkorona munosabatda bo\u02bblgan. Har bir rahbarning mahalliy jamoat bo\u02bblimlari tomonidan yuritiladigan daromad va xarajatlar kitobi bo\u02bblishi alohida belgilab qo\u02bbyilgan. Shuningdek, ijara shartnomalari mahalliy Kommunal soha bo\u02bblimi boshlig\u02bbi, Vaqf mulki rahbari va ijarachilar tomonidan imzolangan. Mulkni ekspluatatsiya qilish bo\u02bbyicha barcha ijara shartnomalari mulkni boshqarish bo\u02bbyicha menejer tomonidan saqlanadigan kitobda qayd etilgan. Vaqf menejeri smetasiz hech qanday xarajatga yo\u02bbl qo\u02bbyilmaganligi sababli Vaqf mulkidan foydalanishi ham mumkin bo\u02bblmagan. Agar shoshilinch ravishda mablag\u02bb kerak bo\u02bblsa, menejer mintaqaviy vaqf bo\u02bblimidan ruxsat so\u02bbrab, xarajatlarni tasdiqlaydigan bayonnomalarni taqdim etishi zarur bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shuni alohida ta\u02bckidlash lozimki, Vaqfning Viloyat Boshqarmalari vaqf mulkiga hujjati bor yoki yo\u02bbqligidan qat\u02bci nazar, har bir vaqf mulki oshkora taqdim etilayotganini qat\u02bciy nazoratga olgan. Viloyat boshqarmalari zimmasiga vaqf mulklarini podshohlik davrida rasmiylashtirilgan yo bunday qilinmaganligidan qat\u02bci nazar, barcha volost va shaharlarga ma\u02bclum qilish taklifi bilan xabar yuborish yuklatilgan. Ular barcha hujjatsiz vaqf mulklari haqida batafsil ma\u02bclumotlar yig\u02bbilgach, Markaziy Vaqf Bo\u02bblimiga yuborib, xabardor qilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

1922 yil 28 dekabr Turkiston Markaziy Ijroiya Komitetining vaqf haqidagi[2]<\/a>\u00a0173-sonli qarori tasdiqlanadi. Hujjatda ro\u02bbyxatga olingan barcha vaqf ko\u02bbchmas mulki hamda madaniy-ma\u02bcrifiy va xayriya muassasalari to\u02bbg\u02bbridan-to\u02bbg\u02bbri Vaqf Bosh boshqarmasi tasarrufi va boshqaruviga o\u02bbtkazilgani rasmiylashtiriladi. Boshqarma vaziyatni o\u02bbrganish, munosabat bildirish va sovetlashtirish ishlarini amalga oshiradi. Ammo bu ish \u00a0ziddiyatlarga ham olib kelishini oldindan anglab yetgan hukumat dasturga ma\u02bclum o\u02bbzgartirishlar kiritib borgan. Misol, masjidlarga tegishli Vaqf mulkini dastlab o\u02bbsha masjidlarning mutavallisi tomonidan nazorat qilinib, Vaqf bo\u02bblimi kassasiga tushmasligini belgilab qo\u02bbygan.<\/span><\/p>\n

173-sonli qarorda Vaqf Bosh boshqarmasi va uning mahalliy bo\u02bblimlari Sovet hukumati ma\u02bcmuriy institutlarining barcha huquqlaridan foydalanishi mumkinligi qayd etilgan. Vaqf bo\u02bblimlarining daromadlari quyidagi asosda to\u02bbplangan:<\/span><\/p>\n

a) kimoshdi savdosidan tushgan mol-mulk va ijara haqidan;<\/span><\/p>\n

b) Vaqf mulkidan olinadigan soliqlardan;<\/span><\/p>\n

v) savdo va sanoatdan olinadigan foydadan;<\/span><\/p>\n

d) turli xil xayr-ehsonlardan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vaqf Bosh boshqarmasi xarajatlarini quyidagilar tashkil etgan:<\/span><\/p>\n

a) mutavallilar, mudarrislar, o\u02bbqituvchilar, ishchilar va talabalarni ish haqi va stipendiya bilan ta\u02bcminlash;<\/span><\/p>\n

b) Vaqf mulkini ta\u02bcmirlash va saqlash;<\/span><\/p>\n

v) Vaqf bo\u02bblimlaridagi operatsion xarajatlar;<\/span><\/p>\n

g) hukumat, davlat va mahalliy soliqlar;<\/span><\/p>\n

d) ijtimoiy sug\u02bburta;<\/span><\/p>\n

ye) Vaqf Bosh boshqarmasi ehtiyojlari uchun belgilangan foiz;<\/span><\/p>\n

j) talabalarni RSFR (Rossiyaning o\u02bbsha paytdagi rasmiy nomi \u2013 muallif) va chet ellarda o\u02bbqish uchun yuborish;<\/span><\/p>\n

z) binolarni zamonaviy talablarga moslashtirish;<\/span><\/p>\n

i) o\u02bbquvchi va talabalarga stipendiyalar va grantlar berish, u yoki bu Vaqf muassasasini Vaqf bo\u02bblimlarining qaroriga binoan qo\u02bbllab-quvvatlash va boshqa madaniy-ma\u02bcrifiy maqsadlar uchun xarajatlar;<\/span><\/p>\n

Vaqf bo\u02bblimi yangi binolarni jihozlash, yangi kurslar ochish va talabalarni RSFR va chet ellarga jo\u02bbnatish uchun Vaqf Bosh boshqarmasidan maxsus ruxsat so\u02bbrashi oldindan belgilab qo\u02bbyiladi. Albatta, bu ishlar katta mablag\u02bb sarfi bilan ham bog\u02bbliq edi. Shuning uchun Vaqf Bosh boshqarmasi ehtiyojlarini qoplash maqsadida mahalliy bo\u02bblimlar umumiy daromadining 10% gachasini ajratishi belgilangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Matbuot va manbalardan ma\u02bclumki, 1922-1927 yillari O\u02bbzbekistonda 3 turdagi maktab mavjud bo\u02bblgan. Bular: sovet maktablari, vaqf maktablari hamda madrasa maktablari. Eski usul maktablari yopilganidan so\u02bbng O\u02bbzbekistonda yagona mehnat maktablari tashkil etilgan[3]<\/a>. Shuni ham ta\u02bckidlash lozimki, qishloqlarda o\u02bbsha yillarda 3 yillik ta\u02bclim belgilangan bir paytda, \u00a0amalda 2 yillik ta\u02bclim berib borilgani ta\u02bclimni tashkil etishdagi eng katta kamchilik edi. Chunki, mavjud holat boshlang\u02bbich va o\u02bbrta ta\u02bclim o\u02bbrtasidagi uzluksizlikni buzib, qishloqlarda II bosqichli (to\u02bbliqsiz o\u02bbrta) maktablarning rivojlanishiga to\u02bbsqinlik qilgan. 1923 yildagina ittifoq davlatlarida umumiy ta\u02bclim tizimini joriy etish rejasini ishlab chiqish boshlangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vaqf Bosh boshqarmasi raisi Axunov boshchiligida o\u02bbtkazilgan kengash Qaroriga binoan[4]<\/a>, Vaqf Bosh boshqarmasi 1924 yil 24 martda Vaqf tarkibidagi barcha maktablar istisnosiz Glavsosvos (Glavsosvos -1921 yilda RSFSR Xalq ta\u02bclimi komissarligi tarkibida tashkil etilgan Ijtimoiy ta\u02bclim va politexnika ta\u02bclimi bosh boshqarmasi. Boshqarma maktabgacha ta\u02bclim muassasalari, umumiy ta\u02bclim maktablari, bolalarni ijtimoiy va huquqiy himoya qilish va barchaning malakasini oshirish uchun mas\u02bcul bo\u02bblgan[5]<\/a>) Maorif Xalq Komisarligi dasturiga o\u02bbtkaziladi. Qabul qilingan Qarorda Vaqf Bosh boshqarmasi vaqf maktab va kurslariga dastur va qoidalarning rus va o\u02bbzbek tillarida tuzib berilishini ma\u02bcqul topadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u02bbzbekiston Maorif Xalq Komissari Mo\u02bbmin Usmonov \u201cMadaniy inqilob yuksalishda\u201d maqolasida \u201c1928-1929 yillarda boshlang\u02bbich va o\u02bbrta maktablarning hamda o\u02bbsmirlar maktablarining miqdori 2142 ta va ulardagi o\u02bbquvchilar 147 ming 400 ta bo\u02bblgan bo\u02bblsa, 1932-1933 yillarda bu maktablarning soni 5859 ga va ulardagi o\u02bbquvchilarning soni 521 ming 400 nafarga\u201d[6]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0yetganini ma\u02bclum qiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa qilib aytganda, tadqiqotimiz davomida Vaqf Bosh boshqarmasi amalga oshirgan chora va tadbirlar xalqimizning qadriyatlariga zarba berganiga shohid bo\u02bbldik. Bu siyosiy harakat natijasida jamiyatda ma\u02bcnaviy inqiroz chuqur ildiz ota boshlagan. Inson va jamiyatni anglash-o\u02bbrganishga asoslangan an\u02bcanaviy maktab va madrasalar faoliyati zavolga yuz tutgan. Barcha xalqlar ongida bosqichma-bosqich \u201cbaynalmilal g\u02bboya\u201d targ\u02bbib etilib, sotsialistik jamiyat haqidagi utopik qarashni shakllantirib borilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

FOYDALANGAN ADABI<\/strong>Yo<\/strong>TLAR<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
[1]<\/a>\u00a0O\u02bbzbekiston Milliy arxivi. Fond R-34, op-1, yed.xr-453, 1920 g. 42 listax. st-30<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a>\u00a0O\u02bbzbekiston Milliy arxivi. Fond R-34, op-1, yed.xr-2272\u00a0 54 listax. st-2<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/a>\u00a0http:\/\/reja.tdpu.uz\u00a0\u203a views \u203a openlesson.\u00a0<\/a><\/u>Vospitaniye, obrazovaniye i razvitiye pedagogicheskoy m\u044bsli v Uzbekistane v 1917-1991 gg. S. 9<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/a>\u00a0O\u02bbzbekiston Milliy arxivi. Fond R-34, op-1, yed.xr-2741\u00a0 62 list. 21 yanvar 1924 g.-25 noyabr 1924 g St-27<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/www.booksite.ru\/fulltext\/1\/001\/008\/010\/817.htm<\/span><\/div>\n
[6]<\/a>\u00a0Qizil O\u02bbzbekiston 3-noyabr 1933 yil \u2116 256 (2755)<\/span><\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Suxrob Ergashev,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tarix silsilasida suveren davlatlar o\u02bbz hududi uchun milliy ta\u02bclim va tarbiyani qadriyatlari asosida boyitib, zamonaviylashtirib borgani ko\u02bbpchilikka manbalar asosida ayon. XIX asr o\u02bbrtalari O\u02bbrta Osiyoda boshlanib ketgan siyosiy kelishmovchiliklar, toju taxt kurashlari mintaqamizning Chor Rossiyasi mustamlakasiga aylanishiga sabab bo\u02bbldi. Ilm-fan va sivilizatsiya o\u02bbchoqlaridan biri bo\u02bblgan Turkiston iqtisodiy tanazzul va siyosiy zulm sababli maorifdan yiroqlashtirildi. Sobiq …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16754,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nXX ASR BOSHLARI O\u02bbZB\u0415KISTON XALQ MAORIFI TIZIMIDA BOSH VAQF TASHKILOTI VAZIFASI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=16756&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"XX ASR BOSHLARI O\u02bbZB\u0415KISTON XALQ MAORIFI TIZIMIDA BOSH VAQF TASHKILOTI VAZIFASI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tarix silsilasida suveren davlatlar o\u02bbz hududi uchun milliy ta\u02bclim va tarbiyani qadriyatlari asosida boyitib, zamonaviylashtirib borgani ko\u02bbpchilikka manbalar asosida ayon. XIX asr o\u02bbrtalari O\u02bbrta Osiyoda boshlanib ketgan siyosiy kelishmovchiliklar, toju taxt kurashlari mintaqamizning Chor Rossiyasi mustamlakasiga aylanishiga sabab bo\u02bbldi. Ilm-fan va sivilizatsiya o\u02bbchoqlaridan biri bo\u02bblgan Turkiston iqtisodiy tanazzul va siyosiy zulm sababli maorifdan yiroqlashtirildi. 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