{"id":16029,"date":"2021-06-17T17:54:23","date_gmt":"2021-06-17T12:54:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=16029"},"modified":"2021-06-17T17:54:23","modified_gmt":"2021-06-17T12:54:23","slug":"ibn-muqaffaning-islom-sivilizatsiyasi-taraqqiyotiga-qo%ca%bbshgan-hissasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=16029&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"IBN MUQAFFANING ISLOM SIVILIZATSIYASI TARAQQIYOTIGA QO\u02bbSHGAN HISSASI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ibn Muqaffa (724-759) VIII asr islom ilm-fanining eng mahsuldor mutafakkirlaridan biri bo\u02bblib, o\u02bbz iste\u02bcdodi va keng tafakkur sohibi ekanligidan guvohlik beruvchi bir qancha asarlari bilan arab-musulmon ilm-fanining, kitobat san\u02bcatining yuksalishiga katta ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatgan. Tarjimalari, falsafiy asarlari uning bepoyon, teran va aniq mantiqqa tayanganini, nozik did sohibi bo\u02bblganini yaqqol namoyon etadi. U o\u02bbz ijodiy faoliyatida asosan ikki masalaga diqqat qaratgan. Birinchisi \u2013 forslar adabiyoti va tarixini qayta tiklash, siyosiy hayotidagi asosiy voqealarni yoritish. Ikkinchisi \u2013 forslarning ijtimoiy tizimini o\u02bbzlashtirgan holda, Abbosiylar davlatidagi jamiyat tizimini takomillashtirish.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ibn Muqaffa fors tilidan bir qancha tarixiy asarlarni arab tiliga o\u02bbgirgan. Jumladan,\u00a0\u201cXudoynoma\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u201cHukmdorlar kitobi\u201d fors shohlarining tarjimai holini o\u02bbz ichiga olgan.\u00a0\u201cOyinanoma\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 \u201cQoidalar kitobi\u201d forslarning madaniyati va an\u02bcanalari haqida hikoya qiladi.\u00a0\u201cMazdak kitobi\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0mazdakiylik ta\u02bclimotiga asos solgan Mazdak hayoti va uning Sosoniy hukmdor Qubod I bilan o\u02bbzaro munosabatlariga bag\u02bbishlangan bo\u02bblib, Muqaffa tomonidan arab tiliga tarjimasi bugungi kunga qadar yetib kelmagan [1, 169].\u00a0\u201cAt-toj\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0\u2013 Xusrav Anushervonning tarjimai holiga bag\u02bbishlangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ibn Muqaffaning ilmiy faoliyatini tadqiq etuvchilar \u201cKalila va Dimna\u201d kitobining tarjimasini birinchi o\u02bbringa qo\u02bbyadi. Jumladan, ingliz sharqshunosi Edvard Granvil Braun \u201cA Literary History of Persia\u201d (\u201cFors adabiyoti tarixi\u201d) asarida ibn Muqaffaning tarjimalari orasida eng muhimi sifatida \u201cKalila va Dimna\u201dni qayd etadi. Ushbu asar Sosoniylar shohi Xusrav I Anushervon davrida saroy olimi Burzoye tomonidan Eronga keltirilib, pahlaviy tiliga tarjima qilingan. Abbosiylar sulolasi hukmronligi davrida hindlarning bu mashhur dostoni ibn Muqaffa tomonidan arab tiliga o\u02bbgirilgan. Aynan ana shu tarjima \u201cKalila va Dimna\u201dning jahon bo\u02bbylab keng tarqalishiga sabab bo\u02bblgan. Aytish kerakki, Ibn Muqaffa dostonni tarjima qilish bilan cheklanib qolmay, uning asosiy matniga birmuncha o\u02bbzgartirish ham kiritgan. Keyinchalik shu tarjima asosida kitob ko\u02bbplab boshqa tillariga tarjima qilingan [2, 2].<\/span><\/p>\n

Shuningdek, Ibn Muqaffa Aristotelning \u201cMantiq\u201d, \u201cKategoriyalar\u201d, \u201cAnalitika\u201d asarlarini, Porfiriyning \u201cIsog\u02bbuchi\u201d kitobini pahlaviy tilidan arabchaga o\u02bbgirgan [3, 511]. Ammo ba\u02bczi manbalarda ushbu tarjimalar uning o\u02bbg\u02bbli Muhammad ibn Abdullohga tegishli bo\u02bblgani keltirilgan. Ibn Muqaffaning oddiy tarjimondan ajralib turadigan eng asosiy xususiyati shundan iborat ediki, u o\u02bbzga xalqlar madaniyatining yutuqlarini arab tiliga tarjima qilish bilan cheklanib qolmasdan, ularni islom olamiga, ijtimoiy-siyosiy an\u02bcanalarga moslashtirishga ham harakat qilgandi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ibn Muqaffa tarjimonlik faoliyatidan tashqari, davlat siyosatiga doir bir qancha asarlari, shuningdek, kimnidir tabriklash yoki tasalli berish maqsadida yozilgan maktublari bilan ham mashhurdir. Tarjima ilmidagi mahorati unga mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan asarlar yozishni osonlashtirdi. Quyida ularni sanab o\u02bbtamiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAdabul kabir\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0kirish va ikki qismdan iborat. Kirish qismida qadimgi olimlarga ergashish, ularning bilim va asarlaridan bahramand bo\u02bblishning ahamiyati qayd etilgan. Birinchi qism hukmdor, vazir va hokimlarning ma\u02bcmuriy va siyosiy xatti-harakatlariga bag\u02bbishlangan. Ikkinchi qismda shaxslararo munosabatlar, odob-axloq qoidalari va haqiqiy do\u02bbstning fazilatlari haqida so\u02bbz boradi. Ushbu asarida yunon madaniyati va boshqaruvining siyosiy-falsafiy ta\u02bcsiri aks etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAdabus sag\u02bbir\u201d<\/strong>ning kirish qismida aqlning odob-axloqqa ta\u02bcsiri haqida to\u02bbxtalgandan so\u02bbng, aqlni o\u02bbstirish, nafs tarbiyasi, tavhidga oid mulohazalar keltirilgan. Ayniqsa, asardagi oddiy odamlar uchun axloqiy tavsiyalar va hikmatlarni o\u02bbz ichiga olgan fikrlar ahamiyatga molik. Uning yozilish sababini Ibn Muqaffa bunday tushuntiradi: \u201cMen ushbu kitobga qalblarni to\u02bbldirish va ularni sayqallashga, fikrlarni uyg\u02bbotish va yaxshi bilim olishga o\u02bbrgatadigan so\u02bbzlarni kiritdim\u201d [4, 58].<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAdabul vajiz lil valadis sag\u02bbir\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0muallifning o\u02bbg\u02bbliga axloqiy nasihatlaridan iborat. Unda shukrona, sabr-toqat, xotirjamlik, qadr-qimmatni bilish, haqiqatni tark etmaslik kabi fazilatlarni tavsiya etiladi. Afsuski, asarning arab tilidagi asl nusxasi yo\u02bbqolgan. XIII asrda Nosiruddin Tusiy qilgan fors tiliga tarjimasi saqlanib qolgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cRisolatus sahoba\u201d<\/strong>ni Ibn Muqaffa xalifa Abu Ja\u02bcfar Mansurga bag\u02bbishlab yozgan. Unda uchraydigan murakkab jumlalar muallifning asarni yozishda fors manbalaridan hamda fors uslubidan foydalanganini ko\u02bbrsatadi. \u201cRisolatus sahoba\u201d deb atalishiga kelsak, unda Ibn Muqaffa xalifalar va ularning yaqin safdoshlariga, maslahatchi va yaqin sirdoshlariga murojaat qilishi asosiy sababdir. Ma\u02bclumki, islomda firqalarga bo\u02bblinish boshlangan davrda bir masala bo\u02bbyicha turlicha qarashlar turli ixtiloflarni keltirib chiqargan. Ibn Muqaffa esa \u201cRisolatus sahoba\u201ddagi fikrlari orqali xalifa Mansurga islom qonunlarini kodifikatsiya qilishni taklif etgan. O\u02bbzi kuzatgan ma\u02bcmuriy, fiqhiy, harbiy, moliyaviy va ijtimoiy muammolarni tahlil etib, o\u02bbziga xos yechimlarni tavsiya qilgan. Bundan tashqari, saroyning ichki muammolarini hal qilishda, vazir, hokim va amirlarni tayinlashda xalifa e\u02bctibor berishi kerak bo\u02bblgan masalalar va oddiy xalqning hukmdordan nimalarni kutishi haqida yozgan. Asar o\u02bbsha davrning o\u02bbtkir masalalarini o\u02bbz ichiga olgani, islomiy siyosiy fikrning eng dastlabki va tizimli manbalaridan biri bo\u02bblgani uchun ham nihoyatda muhim hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Biz Muhammad Kurd Ali tomonidan yozilgan \u201cRasoilul Bulag\u02bbo\u201d asariga kiritilgan Ibn Muqaffaga mansub ba\u02bczi maktublar va saqlanib qolgan ayrim tarqoq she\u02bcrlarni ham ta\u02bckidlab o\u02bbtishimiz mumkinki, ular ham Ibn Muqaffa ilmiy-adabiy merosining uzviy bir qismini tashkil etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa sifatida aytish mumkinki, Ibn Muqaffa islom sivilizatsiyasining oltin davri bo\u02bblgan VIII asr ilm-fanining zabardast vakillaridan biri bo\u02bblib, o\u02bbz faoliyati orqali yunon, fors va hind madaniyatiga oid noyob durdona asarlarning islom olamiga kirib kelishida katta rol o\u02bbynadi va shu orqali adab, axloq, siyosat va balog\u02bbat kabi ilmlar rivojiga katta hissa qo\u02bbshgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR RO\u02bbYXATI<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    Edward G. Browne. A Literary History of Persia. From the Earliest Times until Firdawsi. \u2013 London, \u2013 P.548.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    Suyima G\u02bbaniyeva. Kalila va Dimna \/ tarj.\u2013 T.: Yangi asr avlodi, 2010. \u2013 260.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    Ahmad Shavqiy Daif. Arab adabiyoti tarixi:birinchi abbosiylar davri. 3 jild. \u2013 Qohira. Dorul ma\u02bcorif. 1966. \u2013 576.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n
  4. \n
    Xalil Mardam. Ibn al-Muqaffa aimat ul-ada (Ikkinchi qism). \u2013 Damashq. Maktabat arafa, 1930. \u2013 68.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Sarvar Saidov,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Imom Termiziy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Ibn Muqaffa (724-759) VIII asr islom ilm-fanining eng mahsuldor mutafakkirlaridan biri bo\u02bblib, o\u02bbz iste\u02bcdodi va keng tafakkur sohibi ekanligidan guvohlik beruvchi bir qancha asarlari bilan arab-musulmon ilm-fanining, kitobat san\u02bcatining yuksalishiga katta ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatgan. Tarjimalari, falsafiy asarlari uning bepoyon, teran va aniq mantiqqa tayanganini, nozik did sohibi bo\u02bblganini yaqqol namoyon etadi. U o\u02bbz ijodiy faoliyatida asosan …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16025,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nIBN MUQAFFANING ISLOM SIVILIZATSIYASI TARAQQIYOTIGA QO\u02bbSHGAN HISSASI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=16029&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"IBN MUQAFFANING ISLOM SIVILIZATSIYASI TARAQQIYOTIGA QO\u02bbSHGAN HISSASI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ibn Muqaffa (724-759) VIII asr islom ilm-fanining eng mahsuldor mutafakkirlaridan biri bo\u02bblib, o\u02bbz iste\u02bcdodi va keng tafakkur sohibi ekanligidan guvohlik beruvchi bir qancha asarlari bilan arab-musulmon ilm-fanining, kitobat san\u02bcatining yuksalishiga katta ta\u02bcsir ko\u02bbrsatgan. 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