{"id":15839,"date":"2021-06-07T15:29:22","date_gmt":"2021-06-07T10:29:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=15839"},"modified":"2021-06-08T09:32:28","modified_gmt":"2021-06-08T04:32:28","slug":"mirzo-abdulazim-somiyning-hayoti-va-ilmiy-m%d0%b5rosiga-doir-yangi-ma%ca%bclumotlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=15839&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"MIRZO ABDULAZIM SOMIYNING HAYOTI VA ILMIY M\u0415ROSIGA DOIR YANGI MA\u02bcLUMOTLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zamonasining yetuk tarixnavisi, ko\u02bbzga ko\u02bbringan shoir va inshonavis Mirzo Abdulazim Somiy (1838-1907) uzoq yillar Buxoro hukmdorlari amir Muzaffar (1860-1885) va amir Abdulahad (1885-1910) saroyida kotib va bosh munshiy lavozimlarida faoliyat ko\u02bbrsatgan. Amir Abdulahad hukmdorligining o\u02bbrtalarida saroy xizmatidan chetlatiladi. Sadr Ziyo, Sadriddin Ayniy va boshqa zamondoshlarining guvohlik berishicha, umrining so\u02bbnggi yillarini nochorlikda o\u02bbtkazgan Mirzo Somiy 1907 yilda vafot etadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mirzo Somiy tarjimai holiga oid qisqa ma\u02bclumotlar avvalo uning o\u02bbz asarlarida [17:3a-6a, 167b, 178b, 191b, 216a, 225a, 274a, 298a; 122:76-79], XIX asrning ikkinchi yarmi \u2013 XX asr boshlarida yaratilgan tazkiralarda [6: 35b-36a; 12: 79b; 28: 112b\u2011113a 25: 318; 20: 90a-b; 21: 334a] hamda zamondoshlarining xotiralarida [3: 335; 2: 23] uchraydi. Ammo bu manbalar Somiy hayotining ma\u02bclum davrlari haqida qasqacha ma\u02bclumot beradi, xolos. Ayniqsa, tazkiranavislar uning qalamiga mansub asarlar nomini keltirish va she\u02bcrlaridan namunalar berish bilan cheklanadilar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xizmat yuzasidan asosiy vaqtini saroy ayonlari, yirik lashkarboshilar orasida o\u02bbtkazgan Mirzo Somiy Buxoro amirligi hududlarining chor Rossiyasi tomonidan zabt etilishi arafasida, urush davrida va undan keyingi yillarda Buxoro davlati olib borgan ichki va tashqi siyosatdan boxabar edi. Shuningdek, u amir Muzaffarning Shahrisabz va Kitob bekliklari (1282\/1863-1864), Hisori Shodmon (1280\/1863-1864) va Ko\u02bbqon xonligiga (1282\/1865-1866) qarshi yurishlarida yozuvchi (\u201cnavisanda\u201d), Rus\u2013Buxoro urushida voqealarni kuzatuvchi (\u201cvaqoyenigor\u201d) vazifasida ishtirok etib, jang tafsilotlarini yozib borgan. Bu esa muarrixga keyinchalik \u201cTuhfayi shohiy\u201d va \u201cTarixi salotini mang\u02bbitiya\u201d asarlarida voqealarning shohidi sifatida bayon qilish imkonini berdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mirzo Somiyning munshiylik faoliyati amir Abdulahad davrida ham davom etdi. 1881 yilda u rus imperatori Aleksandr II ning (1855-1881) taxtga o\u02bbtirish marosimlarida ishtirok etish uchun Rossiyaga borgan Buxoro elchilari tarkibida amir Abdulahadni kuzatib boradi. Somiy \u201cTuhfayi shohiy\u201d asarida bu haqda xabar berib, safar xotiralariga bag\u02bbishlangan alohida kitob ta\u02bclif etish niyatida ekanligini aytadi [17:298b]. Somiyning zamondoshlaridan Hoji Ne\u02bcmatulloh Muhtaram uning bir necha bor Rossiyaga sayohat qilgani haqida xabar beradi [28: 112b\u2011113a]. Bu ma\u02bclumot boshqa biror manbalar asosida o\u02bbz tasdig\u02bbini topmagani uchun olimlar 1881 yilgi safar Somiyning Rossiyaga qilgan yagona safari bo\u02bblgan, deb hisoblardilar [22:15]. Ammo keyingi yillarda adabiyotshunos olimlar Buxoroda Somiy nabiralarining qo\u02bblida uning o\u02bbzi tuzgan bayoz saqlanib qolganini aniqlashdi [1:96]. Mazkur bayozda Somiyning 1897 yilda Rossiyaga safari xotiralarini hikoya qiluvchi qirq sakkiz baytlik manzumasi ham joy olgan ekan [13: 30b]. Ushbu manzumasida Somiy safardan qaytayotganda Tbilisida Abdulahadxon uni ko\u02bbkrak nishoni bilan taqdirlaganini ma\u02bclum qilgan [13:38b\u201139a].<\/span><\/p>\n

Muarrixning to\u02bbliq ismi Mirzo Muhammad Abdulazimdir. Biroq muarrixning o\u02bbz asarlarida hamda zamondoshlarining tazkiralarida uning nomi ba\u02bczan Abdulazim, ba\u02bczida Azimiddin shaklida uchraydi. U saroyda mirzo va munshiy lavozimlarida xizmat qilgani bois Abdulazim Mirzo, Abdulazim Munshiy, Abdulazim Dabir ismlari, shuningdek, tug\u02bbilgan qishlog\u02bbiga nisbat beruvchi \u201cBo\u02bbstoniy\u201d nisbasi bilan zikr etiladi. Uning taxalluslari ham bir nechta. Sharq xalqlari adabiyoti tarixida bir ijodkorning bir necha taxallus ostida ijod qilishi an\u02bcanasiga ko\u02bbra, Abdulazim ham \u201cMohir\u201d, \u201cSomiy\u201d va \u201cUlviy\u201d kabi adabiy taxalluslarni istifoda etgan. Shu sababdan Somiyga zamondosh tazkiranavislar Somiy asarlarini sanaganda boshqa mualliflar asarlarini unga nisbat berishgan yoki aksincha, uning ba\u02bczi asarlari va tarjimalar nomlarini qayd etishmagan. Masalan, ham ismlari, ham taxalluslarining bir xilligi tufayli Hoji Abdulazim Shar\u02bciy qalamiga mansub \u201cTazkirat al\u2011fuzalo\u201d tazkirasi Abdulazim Somiyga nisbat berilgan, keyinchalik bu xatoni L. M. Yepifanova ham takrorlagan [27: 112a\u2011113b; 22: 18-19].<\/span><\/p>\n

Muallifimiz Abdulazim o\u02bbzining ilk \u201cMohir\u201d taxallusidan voz kechib, \u201cAyn ut-tavorix\u201d asarining muallifi Hoji Abdulazimning Somiy taxallusi bilan ijod qilishini bilibmi, bilmaymi, \u201cSomiy\u201d taxallusini tanlaydi. Shundan keyin Hoji Abdulazim Somiy o\u02bbziga \u201cShar\u02bciy\u201d degan taxallus tanlashga majbur bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mirzo Somiyning ilmiy merosini o\u02bbrgangan tadqiqotchilar uning asarlari haqida to\u02bbliq ma\u02bclumot bermaganlar [22: 23: 4:]. Ular Somiyning \u201cMir\u02bcot al\u2011yaqin\u201d, \u201cFazihot ash\u2011shi\u02bca\u201d, \u201cManoshir al\u2011a\u02bclom\u201d kabi kitoblarni yozgani va \u201cA\u02bclom an\u2011nos\u201d va \u201cMasobih al\u2011fikr\u201dning uning tomonidan amalga oshirilgan tarjimalar ekanligi haqida lom-lim demaganlar. Ehtimol, ular qo\u02bblyozma fondlaridan bu asarlarni topolmaganlari bois ularni chetlab o\u02bbtishgandir. Quyida Mirzo Somiyning ilmiy jamoatchilikka ilgaridan ma\u02bclum bo\u02bblgan hamda yangi topilgan materiallarga tayangan holda, uning qalamiga oid asarlar haqida qisqacha ma\u02bclumot beramiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mirzo Somiy tartib bergan ilk asar \u201cMir\u02bcot al\u2011yaqin fi radd ar\u2011ravofiz ash\u2011shayotin\u201d (\u201cRofiziy shaytonlarini rad etishda e\u02bctiqod ko\u02bbzgusi\u201d) deb ataladi. Asar 1300\/1882\u20111883 yilda yozilgan. Muallif ushbu asarga \u201cMafzahot\u201d yoki \u201cFazahot ash\u2011shi\u02bca\u201d (\u201cShi\u02bcalarning sharmandaliklari\u201d) degan ikkinchi nom ham bergan [16: 111a<\/sup>]. Tazkirashunoslar ushbu asarning ikkita nom bilan atalishiga ahamiyat qaratmay, uni ikkita alohida asar sifatida tilga oladilar [28: 112a<\/sup>\u2011113b<\/sup>; 21: 334a<\/sup>]. Tazkiralardan Somiyning \u201cMir\u02bcot al\u2011yaqin\u201d nomli asar ta\u02bclif qilgani ma\u02bclum bo\u02bblsa\u2011da, ko\u02bbp yillargacha sharqshunoslar ushbu asarning bizgacha yetib kelgan\u2011kelmaganidan bexabar edilar. Buxoro viloyati kutubxonasi fihristi e\u02bclon qilinganidan so\u02bbnggina ilm ahli asarning yagona nusxasi mazkur kutubxonada saqlanayotganidan xabardor bo\u02bbldi [9: \u21165].<\/span><\/p>\n

Asarning nomidan ham ko\u02bbrinib turibdiki, Mirzo Somiy shialar mazhabi namoyandalariga nihoyatda radikal munosabatda bo\u02bblgan. Bu, avvalo, muallifimizning sunniylik mazhabiga e\u02bctiqod qilishi bilan xarakterlansa, boshqa tomondan, bu davrga kelib shialar jamoasining hokimiyatdagi mavqei oshib ketgani bilan bog\u02bbliq. Asar o\u02bbn ikki bo\u02bblim (mir\u02bcot), muqaddima va xotimadan iborat. Asarning kirish qismida muallif uni yozishga undagan sabablar haqida mulohaza yuritadi. Uning fikricha, amir Shohmurod tomonidan Xuroson fath etilgach, Buxoroga olib kelingan hamda savdogarlik orqasidan bu shaharda yashab qolgan shialar \u201ciqtidorli podshohlarning tig\u02bbidan\u201d qo\u02bbrqib, o\u02bbzlarining \u201cbotil\u201d mazhablarini maxfiy tutishgan. Amir Nasrulloh (1826-1860) davrida Muhammad Shukurxon Eroniy lashkarboshi, Abdusamadxon Tabriziy esa to\u02bbpchiboshi sifatida Buxoro qo\u02bbshiniga xizmatga olingan, ko\u02bbplab shialar qo\u02bbshin tarkibiga kiritilgan[1]<\/sup><\/a>. Keyingi amirlar davrida ham eroniylarning siyosiy nufuzi orta borgan. Ularning ko\u02bbpchiligi qullikdan ozod etilmay turib lavozimlarga tayinlangan. Masalan, amir Muzaffar Muhammadshoh qo\u02bbshbegini bosh vazir etib tayinlaydi. Muhammadshohdan to Ostonaqulgacha to\u02bbrtta eroniy bosh vazir lavozimini egallagan [11: 199]. Eroniylarning hokimiyatdagi ta\u02bcsiri oshgani sari ular diniy mavqelarini ham mustahkamlashga intilganlar. Ular oz\u2011ozdan o\u02bbz \u201cfosid\u201d fikrlari va \u201crofiziylik shevasini\u201d tarqatib, mazhab haqida yetarli bilimga ega bo\u02bblmagan avomni \u201csiroti mustaqimdan og\u02bbdirishga\u201d intilganlar, buning ustiga, ahli sunna\u00a0 va jamoa bilan munozaraga kirishib, ulamolarga e\u02bctiroz bildirishga jazm etganlar[16: 1b<\/sup>\u201111b<\/sup>]. O\u02bbz maqsadiga erishish, ya\u02bcni rofiziylar mazhabi va shia ulamolarining e\u02bctirozlarini rad etish uchun Somiy asarda Qur\u02bcon oyatlari, hadislar va ba\u02bczi risolalarda keltirilgan dalillardan foydalanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Demak, doksografik asarlar sirasiga kiradigan \u201cMir\u02bcot al\u2011yaqin\u201d asari Buxorodagi ijtimoiy-siyosiy muhitning talabiga o\u02bbziga xos javob, boshqacha aytganda, sunniy ulamo vakillarining shialarga raddiyasi sifatida yaratilgan. Somiydan biroz keyin Ahmad Donish (1827-1897) ham bu mavzuga qo\u02bbl urdi va o\u02bbzining \u201cMe\u02bcyor at-tadayyun\u201d (\u201cTaqvodorlik me\u02bcyori\u201d) asarini yozdi[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Somiyning o\u02bbzi bu asarini yozishdan maqsadi \u201cahl as\u2011sunna va\u2011l\u2011jamoani[3]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0har xil shubhali va botil fikrlardan xoli, tiniq e\u02bctiqodini mustahkamlash\u201ddan iboratdir, deyishiga qaramay, diniy muammolardan tashqari Buxoroda eroniylarning siyosiy mavqeining oshib ketishi uni ko\u02bbproq tashvishga solgan ko\u02bbrinadi. Chunki u boshqa bir asarida ham bu mavzuga yana qaytadi. \u201cAmir Abdulahad hokimiyatni butkul qo\u02bbldan berib qo\u02bbydi, unda besh\u2011olti qozi hamda raislarni ishga tayinlash hamda rus xazinasi uchun soliqlarni yig\u02bbishdan boshqa ish qolmadi\u201d, deya kuyinadi u \u201cTarix\u2011i salatin\u2011i mangitiya\u201d asarida [22: 120] \u201cAksincha, Buxoroning vaziri bo\u02bblgan Ostonaqul qushbegining qudrati Horun ar-Rashid[4]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0davrida Ja\u02bcfar Barmakiy[5]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0hukmronligidan ming barobar ortiqroqdir\u201d, deb xabar beradi Somiy [22: 122].<\/span><\/p>\n

Abdulazim Somiyning aynan 1300\/1882-1883 yilda tartib berilgan va \u201cRisolai insho\u201d (\u201cInsho haqida risola\u201d), \u201cTanzih al-insho\u201d (\u201cNuqsonsiz insho\u201d), \u201cManozir al\u2011insho\u201d (\u201cInsho haqida munozara\u201d), \u201cSan\u02bcati maxzun\u201d (\u201cXazinaga aylangan san\u02bcat\u201d) kabi turli nomlar bilan ataluvchi ikkinchi asari inshoshunoslikka oiddir[6]<\/sup><\/a>. Ushbu asar vazir Ostonaqul qo\u02bbshbegining topshirig\u02bbi bilan kotiblarga dastur sifatida yozilgan. Asarning kirish qismida Somiy davlat ishlarida kotiblarga ehtiyoj kuchli bo\u02bblishiga qaramay, savodli kotiblar yetishmayotganligi bois, ushbu asarni ta\u02bclif qilganligini eslatib o\u02bbtadi. Bu asarida, avvalo, inshoshunoslikning nazariy asoslari bayon qilingan. Shuningdek, muallif unga ko\u02bbplab rasmiy hujjatlar va maktublar matnini ilova qilganki, ular ayni paytda Buxoro amirligining o\u02bbsha davrdagi tashqi aloqalarini o\u02bbrganishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Asar tojikistonlik tadqiqotchi Z.Sh.Hasanova tomonidan inshoshunoslik nuqtai nazaridan tahlil etilgan [23].<\/span><\/p>\n

Ko\u02bbp yillik jimlikdan so\u02bbng Mirzo Somiy 1322\/1904-1905 yilda \u201cMir\u02bcot al\u2011xayol\u201d (\u201cXayol ko\u02bbzgusi\u201d) nomli asarini o\u02bbquvchilar hukmiga havola etdi[7]<\/sup><\/a>. Asar nazmda bitilgan bo\u02bblib, unga muallif turli mazmundagi hikoyalar, ma\u02bclum voqealarga bag\u02bbishlab yozilgan tarixlar, amir Abdulahad va shahzoda Olimxonga bag\u02bbishlangan qasida va madhiyalar, shuningdek, ba\u02bczi amaldorlar hamda shoirlar hayoti va ijodi haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlarni kiritgan. Adabiyotchilarning e\u02bctiroficha, \u201cMir\u02bcot al\u2011xayol\u201d tazkira janrining barcha talablariga javob bermasa\u2011da, asarda XIX asrning ikkinchi yarmi \u2013 XX\u00a0asr boshlarida yashagan ko\u02bbplab shoirlarning ijodi haqida ma\u02bclumot berilishini nazarda tutib, uni tazkira deb hisoblash mumkin [4: 95]. Asar o\u02bbsha davr tarixi hamda Buxoro adabiy muhitini o\u02bbrganishda qimmatlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tazkiranavislar tomonidan Somiyga nisbat beriladigan \u201cManoshir al\u2011a\u02bclom\u201d asari haqida hozircha ma\u02bclumot topa olganimiz yo\u02bbq. Ehtimol, u kataloglashtirish nihoyasiga yetkazilmagan biror\u2011bir fondda yoki shaxsiy jamg\u02bbarmalarda saqlanayotgandir yoki bizgacha yetib kelmagan bo\u02bblishi ham mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Davomi bor\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Sharifaxon TOSHOVA<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
O\u02bbzR FA Milliy arxeologiya markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
______________________________________________________________<\/span><\/div>\n
[1]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Buxorodagi eronlik qullarni ozod ettirish va qul savdosini cheklashga kelishish maqsadida 1844 yilda Eron shohi Muhammadshoh Qojor tomonidan Buxoro amiri Nasrulloh huzuriga kelgan elchiga amir o\u02bbzining 30 ming tillo evaziga sotib olgan shaxsiy qullaridan 1000 nafar eroniy Buxoro sarbozlari qatorida xizmat qilayotganini bildirib, ularni ham ozod etishga roziligini bildirgan. Buxoro safaridan qaytishda elchi o\u02bbzi bilan amirning sarbozlarini emas, balki 1000 nafar ozod etilgan qullarni Eronga olib ketishga erishgan. Qarang: Buxoro safarnomasi \/ Forschadan o\u02bbzbek tiliga o\u02bbgiruvchi, kirish so\u02bbzi va izohlar muallifi Ismoil Bekjon. \u2013T.:, 2007. \u2013 B.61-79.<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0O\u02bbzR FA Sharqshunoslik instituti fondida ushbu asarning muallif dastxati bilan ko\u02bbchirilgan uchta nusxasi 2187; 2776; 553 ashyo raqamlari ostida saqlanmoqda.<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Ahl as\u2011sunna va\u2011l jamoa \u2013 musulmonlarning asosiy ommasi e\u02bctiqod va amal qilib kelayotgan aqidaviy mazhablarning umumiy nomi.<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Horun ar\u2011Rashid 786\u2011809 yillarda hukmronlik qilgan Abbosiy xalifa. 803 yilga qadar xalifalikda hokimiyat boshqaruvi amalda Barmakiylar sulolasiga mansub vazirlar qo\u02bblida bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Ja\u02bcfar Barmakiy \u2013 Horun ar\u2011Rashidning vaziri.<\/span><\/div>\n
[6]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Asarning uchta nusxasi (\u2116\u2116293,294\/2, 4353) O\u02bbzR FA Sharqshunoslik instituti xazinasida, ikkita nusxasi (\u2116\u2116419\/2, 2307) Tojikiston FA Sharqshunoslik instituti fondida saqlanmoqda.<\/span><\/div>\n
[7]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Asarning ikkita nusxasi mavjud. Bittasi O\u02bbzR FA Sharqshunoslik institutida (\u2116 2188), ikkinchisi esa Sankt\u2011Peterburg Sharq qo\u02bblyozmalari institutida saqlanmoqda.<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zamonasining yetuk tarixnavisi, ko\u02bbzga ko\u02bbringan shoir va inshonavis Mirzo Abdulazim Somiy (1838-1907) uzoq yillar Buxoro hukmdorlari amir Muzaffar (1860-1885) va amir Abdulahad (1885-1910) saroyida kotib va bosh munshiy lavozimlarida faoliyat ko\u02bbrsatgan. Amir Abdulahad hukmdorligining o\u02bbrtalarida saroy xizmatidan chetlatiladi. Sadr Ziyo, Sadriddin Ayniy va boshqa zamondoshlarining guvohlik berishicha, umrining so\u02bbnggi yillarini nochorlikda o\u02bbtkazgan Mirzo Somiy 1907 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15834,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nMIRZO ABDULAZIM SOMIYNING HAYOTI VA ILMIY M\u0415ROSIGA DOIR YANGI MA\u02bcLUMOTLAR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=15839&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MIRZO ABDULAZIM SOMIYNING HAYOTI VA ILMIY M\u0415ROSIGA DOIR YANGI MA\u02bcLUMOTLAR - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Zamonasining yetuk tarixnavisi, ko\u02bbzga ko\u02bbringan shoir va inshonavis Mirzo Abdulazim Somiy (1838-1907) uzoq yillar Buxoro hukmdorlari amir Muzaffar (1860-1885) va amir Abdulahad (1885-1910) saroyida kotib va bosh munshiy lavozimlarida faoliyat ko\u02bbrsatgan. Amir Abdulahad hukmdorligining o\u02bbrtalarida saroy xizmatidan chetlatiladi. 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