{"id":15809,"date":"2021-06-04T10:43:12","date_gmt":"2021-06-04T05:43:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=15809"},"modified":"2021-06-04T10:43:12","modified_gmt":"2021-06-04T05:43:12","slug":"xilof-ilmi-asoschisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=15809&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"XILOF ILMI ASOSCHISI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Islom olamida katta nufuzga ega bo\u02bblgan, ayniqsa, faqihlar tabaqasida o\u02bbz faoliyati bilan dong taratgan Abu Zayd Ubaydulloh ibn Umar ibn Iso Dabusiy 978 yili Samarqand va Buxoro oralig\u02bbidagi Dabusiya shahrida tavallud topgan. U o\u02bbz faoliyati davomida ko\u02bbplab asarlar yozib, fiqh ilmining rivojiga katta hissa qo\u02bbshgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Zayd Dabusiy fiqh ilmini ikki buyuk faqih \u2013 Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Fazl Buxoriy va Abu Bakr Jassosning shogirdi bo\u02bblgan Abu Ja\u02bcfar ibn Abdulloh Ustrushaniydan o\u02bbrganib, fiqh, usulul fiqh (huquq nazariyasi), xilof, jadal va tasavvuf ilmlari bo\u02bbyicha iqtidorli olim darajasiga ko\u02bbtarilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Manbalarda Abu Zayd Dabusiyning fiqhda ustozlar silsilasi orqali Imom Abu Hanifaga borib taqalishi quyidagicha ko\u02bbrsatilgan:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cU (Abu Zayd Dabusiy) fiqh ilmini Shayxulimom Abu Ja\u02bcfar Ustrushaniydan, u Shayxulimom Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Fazldan, u ustoz Imom Abdulloh Sayyidmutiydan, u Abu Hafs Sag\u02bbirdan, u otasi Imomul Kabirdan, u Muhammad (Shayboniy)dan, u Abu Hanifadan o\u02bbrgangan\u201d[1]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alloma Qoraxoniylar davrida Ustrushaniydan so\u02bbng Buxoro qozisi etib tayinlangan. Manbalarda uni Buxoroning yirik \u201cyetti qozi\u201dsidan biri sifatida zikr qilishadi. Bu haqda Abdulkarim Sam\u02bconiy o\u02bbz kitobida: \u201cQozi Abu Zayd Abdulloh ibn Umar Dabusiy sohibi \u201cAl-asror\u201d, dalil bilan gapiruvchi, nazarlari o\u02bbtkir va har bir masalaga asosli javob beruvchi zot edilar. Samarqand va Buxoroning yirik olimlari bilan munozara qilardilar\u201d[2]<\/a>, deb keltiradi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Zayd \u201cTa\u02bcsisun nazar\u201d (\u201cQarashlarni asoslash\u201d), \u201cTaqvimul adilla fiy usulil fiqh\u201d (\u201cUsulul fiqhdagi dalillarni to\u02bbg\u02bbrilash\u201d), \u201cKitobul asror fil usul val furu\u02bc\u201d (\u201cFiqh ilmi asoslari va tarmoqlari sirlari haqida kitob\u201d), \u201cAl-amadul aqso\u201d (\u201cEng olis maqsad\u201d), \u201cXizonatul huda\u201d (\u201cHidoyat xazinasi\u201d), \u201cSharhul jomi\u02bcil kabir\u201d (\u201cJomi\u02bcul kabirning sharhi\u201d), \u201cAl-anvor fiy usulil fiqh\u201d (\u201cFiqh asoslarini ochuvchi nurlar\u201d), \u201cAn-nuzum fil fatovo\u201d (\u201cFatvolardagi tartib-qoidalar\u201d), \u201cTajnisud Dabusiy\u201d (\u201cDabusiyning tartib va tasnifi\u201d), \u201cAt-ta\u02bcliqa\u201d (\u201cHoshiya\u201d) kabi qimmatli asarlarni yozgan. Ammo ularning hammasi bizgacha yetib kelmagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mazkur o\u02bbnta asardan to\u02bbrttasining qo\u02bblyozma nusxalari turli kutubxonalarda mavjud bo\u02bblib, ulardan ba\u02bczilari qisman, birinchi va ikkinchisi mukammal holda nashr etilgan. Keyingi olti kitob manbalarda zikr etilgan bo\u02bblsa ham bugungacha saqlanib qolmagan deb hisoblanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Allomaning ko\u02bbplab asarlari aynan fiqhga oiddir. O.Qoriyev o\u02bbz kitobida tarixchi Fuad Sezginning allomaning fiqhga oid yetti asari borligi haqida aytganligini keltirib o\u02bbtgan[3]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olimning ayniqsa \u201cusulul fiqh\u201d bo\u02bbyicha yozgan \u201cTaqvimul adilla\u201d asari mashhurdir. Manbalarda uning ushbu asari bu sohada Movarounnahrda yaratilgan va bizgacha yetib kelgan eng qadimiy asar ekanligi aytiladi. Shu sababli uni islom qonunshunosligi va usulul fiqh fanining Movarounnahrdagi asoschisi, deyish mumkin. Ushbu asarni Faxrulislom Bazdaviy sharhlagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cTaqvimul adilla\u201d kitobida qiyos metodining imkoniyatlari, unga tegishli barcha muhim va murakkab atamalar va qonun-qoidalar izohlab berilgan. Ibn Xaldun olimning xizmatlarini bunday ta\u02bcriflagan: \u201cHanafiy imomlaridan Abu Zayd Dabusiy qiyos bo\u02bbyicha barchadan ko\u02bbra keng ko\u02bblamli asarlar yozdi, qiyosga tegishli bo\u02bblgan barcha bahs-munozaralarga yakun yasadi. Shu yo\u02bbsinda usulul fiqh ilmi mukammal darajaga ko\u02bbtarilib, unga tegishli masalalar o\u02bbz yechimini topdi, qoidalari tartibga keltirildi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Zayd Dabusiy ahli sunna mazhablari orasidagi ixtilofli masalalarni tartibga solib, ilmiy uslubda o\u02bbrgangan. Uning \u201cTa\u02bcsisun nazar\u201d asarida mazhablarning muammolarni hal qilishdagi yondashuv prinsiplarini yoritib berilgan. Shu sababli Abu Zayd Dabusiy islom huquqshunosligida \u201cIlmul xilof\u201d deb atalgan yangi fanning asoschisi hisoblanadi[4]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Xilof ilmida shar\u02bciy dalillarni keltirish, shubhalarni daf qilish va xilofga sabab bo\u02bblgan dalillarni solishtirib ko\u02bbrish o\u02bbrganiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAl-fiqhul muqorin\u201d (Qiyosiy huquqshunoslik) yoki \u201cIlmul xilof\u201d (Xilof ilmi) \u2012 bu islomiy fiqhiy ilmlardan biridir. Unda faqihlarning muayyan fiqhiy masalalarning hukmlari borasidagi dalillari, tushunishlari va qiyoslashlariga ko\u02bbra ixtiloflari haqida bahs yuritiladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uning istilohiy ma\u02bcnosi quyidagicha keladi:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064c \u064a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062d\u064e\u062b\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u062a\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064f\u0636\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064e\u0651\u0631\u0652\u0639\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0643\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0641\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0650\u062f\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064f\u0651\u0628\u064e\u0647\u0650<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Xilof ilmi \u2012 shar\u02bciy fikrlardagi tafovutlar, muhokama va natijalarning holati va shubhalarni daf qilish haqida bahs yuritadigan ilm[5]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shar\u02bciy dalillardan chiqarilgan fiqhiy masalalarda xilof ko\u02bbp bo\u02bbladi. Chunki mujtahidlarning manbalari va uslublari hamda nazarlari turlichadir. Shuning uchun bu kabi xiloflarning bo\u02bblishi oddiy hol[6]<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ammo e\u02bctibor berishimiz kerakki, xilof deganda, ulamolar bir-birini tamoman qoralagan, degan fikrdan yiroq bo\u02bblishimiz kerak. Xilof faqatgina biror bir masalaga yechim topishda mujdahidlar tomonidan olingan shar\u02bciy dalillarning turlichaligida bo\u02bblgan. Bir mujtahid olim biror masala bo\u02bbyicha hukm chiqarishda biror dalilni kuchliroq sanagan bo\u02bblsa, boshqasi aynan shu masalaga boshqa bir dalilni kuchliroq sanagan. Shu sababli bitta hukm borasida mazhablar o\u02bbrtasida farqli yondashuvlar paydo bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Masalan, Abu Hanifa va Imom Shofe\u02bciy o\u02bblimtikning terisini oshlash bilan u pok bo\u02bblishiga ittifoq qilgan. Ammo Abu Hanifa cho\u02bbchqaning terisini, Imom Shofe\u02bciy esa it va cho\u02bbchqaning terisini oshlasa ham pok bo\u02bblmasligiga hukm chiqargan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Zayd Dabusiyning \u201cTa\u02bcsisun nazar\u201d, \u201cKitobut ta\u02bcliyqa\u201d asarlari ushbu sohada yozilgan nodir kitoblar hisoblanadi. \u201cTa\u02bcsisun nazar\u201dda Hanafiy mazhabi asoschilari Abu Hanifa, Imom Abu Yusuf, Imom Muhammad Shayboniy va boshqalarning qarashlari keltirilib, ixtilofga sabab bo\u02bblgan masalalar yechimi yoritib berilgan. Ushbu asar Mustafo Muhammad Qobboniy Dimashqiy tomonidan tadqiq qilingan va alohida kitob qilib nashr etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shu tariqa alloma fiqh ilmi rivojiga salmoqli hissa qo\u02bbshib, islom ilmlari orasida yangi bir yo\u02bbnalishga asos solgan.\u00a0Abu Zayd Dabusiy 430\/1039 yili 63 yoshida Buxoroda vafot etgan va \u201cChor Bakr\u201d qabristoniga, Imom Abu Bakr ibn Tarxon qabri yoniga dafn etilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0Mustafo Muhammad Baqqoniy Dimashqiy. Ta\u02bcsisun nazar va yaliyhi risalatu Imom Abul Hasan Karxiy fiy usul. Dor ibn Zaydun. \u2012 Bayrut, 2015. \u2012 B.7.<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a>\u00a0Abdulkarim Sam\u02bconiy. Al-Ansob. Abdulg\u02bbafur Razzoq Buxoriy, Komiljon Rahimov tarjimasi. Toshkent \u2013 2017. \u2013B.112.<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/a>\u00a0O.A.Qoriyev. Farg\u02bbona fiqh maktabi va Burhoniddin Marg\u02bbinoniy. T:.\u201cFan\u201d, 2009. \u2013B.28.<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/a>\u00a0Sadriddin Salim Buxoriy. Buxoroning tabarruk ziyoratgohlari. \u201cDurdona\u201d, 2012. \u2013 B.75.<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/a>\u00a0https:\/\/terminologyenc.com\/ar\/browse\/term\/75267.\u00a0 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d: \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u2013 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0633<\/span><\/div>\n
[6]<\/a>\u00a0Shayx Muhammad Sodiq Muhammad Yusuf. Fiqhiy yo\u02bbnalishlar va kitoblar. \u2012T.: SHARQ nashriyoti, 2011. \u2012 B.170.<\/span><\/div>\n
Ravshan ELMURODOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Islom olamida katta nufuzga ega bo\u02bblgan, ayniqsa, faqihlar tabaqasida o\u02bbz faoliyati bilan dong taratgan Abu Zayd Ubaydulloh ibn Umar ibn Iso Dabusiy 978 yili Samarqand va Buxoro oralig\u02bbidagi Dabusiya shahrida tavallud topgan. U o\u02bbz faoliyati davomida ko\u02bbplab asarlar yozib, fiqh ilmining rivojiga katta hissa qo\u02bbshgan. Abu Zayd Dabusiy fiqh ilmini ikki buyuk faqih \u2013 Abu …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15807,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[650],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nXILOF ILMI ASOSCHISI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=15809&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"XILOF ILMI ASOSCHISI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Islom olamida katta nufuzga ega bo\u02bblgan, ayniqsa, faqihlar tabaqasida o\u02bbz faoliyati bilan dong taratgan Abu Zayd Ubaydulloh ibn Umar ibn Iso Dabusiy 978 yili Samarqand va Buxoro oralig\u02bbidagi Dabusiya shahrida tavallud topgan. U o\u02bbz faoliyati davomida ko\u02bbplab asarlar yozib, fiqh ilmining rivojiga katta hissa qo\u02bbshgan. 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