{"id":15523,"date":"2021-05-20T18:29:50","date_gmt":"2021-05-20T13:29:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=15523"},"modified":"2021-05-21T16:05:03","modified_gmt":"2021-05-21T11:05:03","slug":"mahmud-zamaxshariyning-tilshunoslikka-oid-asarlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=15523&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"MAHMUD ZAMAXSHARIYNING TILSHUNOSLIKKA OID ASARLARI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Arab tilining qonun-qoidalari tizimi \u2013 nahv ilmini yaratgan va kamolga yetkazgan olimlar orasida bizning bobokalonimiz Mahmud Zamaxshariy muhim o\u02bbrin egallaydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alloma haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlar asosan O\u02bbrta asr arab manbalarida keltirilgan. Abul Qosim Mahmud ibn Umar Zamaxshariy 467\/1075 yil 27 rajab oyi \/19 martda Xorazmning Zamaxshar qishlog\u02bbida tavallud topgan. Otasi unchalik badavlat bo\u02bblmasa-da, savodli, taqvodor, diyonatli kishi bo\u02bblgan va aksar vaqtini ibodat bilan o\u02bbtkazib, Zamaxshardagi bir masjidda imomlik ham qilgan. Onasi ham xudojo\u02bby bo\u02bblgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sharqda allomani chuqur hurmat va mehr bilan \u201cUstozul arab val ajam\u201d (\u201cArablar va g\u02bbayri arablar ustozi\u201d), \u201cFaxru Xorazm\u201d (\u201cXorazm faxri\u201d) kabi sharafli nomlar bilan ataganlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zamaxshariy hayoti davomida ilm o\u02bbrganish maqsadida tinmay dunyo kezgan. Buyuk alloma Xuroson, Eron, Arabiston, Iroq, Yaman, Shom (Suriya) kabi davlatlarning Marv, Nishopur, Isfahon, Bag\u02bbdod, Hijoz, Damashq va Makka kabi shaharlarida bo\u02bblib, asarlari uchun boy manba to\u02bbplagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Ma\u02bclumotlarga ko\u02bbra, olim o\u02bbzining ko\u02bbplab asarlarini Makkada yozgan va xuddi shu yerda buyuk olim sifatida e\u02bctirof etilgan, shuhrat qozongan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Vatanimiz mustaqillikka erishgandan so\u02bbng boshqa buyuk ajdodlarimiz qatorida Mahmud Zamaxshariy hayoti va ilmiy merosi ham ilmiy asosda keng o\u02bbrganila boshladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zamaxshariy o\u02bbz davrining zabardast olimlaridan biri bo\u02bblib, fanning turli sohalariga oid yetmishga yaqin asar yozgan. Afsuski, bizga shulardan ba\u02bczilarigina yetib kelgan, xolos. Allomaning\u00a0 asarlari ro\u02bbyxati turli manbalarda turlicha keltiriladi. Nemis sharqshunos olimi K.Brokkelman o\u02bbzining \u201cArab adabiyoti tarixi\u201d nomli asarida Mahmud Zamaxshariyning 31 ta asari bo\u02bblgani haqida ma\u02bclumot bergan bo\u02bblsa, doktor Ahmad Muhammad Xufiy \u2013 \u201c Zamaxshariy\u201d nomli risolasida uning 48 asari borligini aytib o\u02bbtadi. Akademik A.Rustamovning \u201cMahmud Zamaxshariy\u201d kitobida allomaning 39 ta asari bo\u02bblgani haqida ma\u02bclumotlar bor. B.Z.Xolidov o\u02bbz maqolasida Zamaxshariy 55 ta asar yozganini ta\u02bckidlaydi. Mahmud Zamaxshariy ilmiy merosining yana bir tadqiqotchisi U.Uvatov \u201cNozik iboralar\u201d nomli kitobida allomaning 34 ta asariga oid ma\u02bclumot bergan[1]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

1998 yili Bayrutda Mahmud Zamaxshariyning \u201cAsosul balog\u02bba\u201d asari chop etilgan va uning muqaddima qismida tadqiqotchi olim Muhammad Bosil Uyun Sud allomaning 65 ta asari ro\u02bbyxatini keltirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

I.Yu.Krachkovskiy, V.V.Bartol\u02bcd, A.A.Borovkov, A.Krimskiy, V.L.Vyatkin; g\u02bbarb olimlaridan K.Brokkelman, Goldsiyer, Vetshteyn, Nyoldeke, Poppe, Rayt, Bensing, Zayonchikovskiy Mahmud Zamaxshariyning ilmiy merosiga katta qiziqish bildirgan va alloma asarlari ustida izlanishlar olib borgan. Lekin birortasida \u201cAl-Mufassal fi nahv\u201d asari alohida ko\u02bbrib chiqilgan emas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Arab olimlaridan Jurji Zaydon, Ahmad Muhammad Xudiy, Ali Bajoviy, Bahija Boqir Husniy, Muhammad Abul fazl Ibrohim, Husni Abdujalil Yusuf, Ibrohim Samaroiy, Muhammad Bosil Uyun Sud va boshqalar alloma ijodini har tomonlama o\u02bbrganishga harakat qilgan[2]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0va bugungi kunda ham ko\u02bbpgina olimlar Mahmud Zamaxshariy asarlari ustida tadqiqotlar olib bormoqda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mahmud Zamaxshariy ilm-fanning turli sohalarini, jumladan, arab tilining sarfu nahvini, adabiyotshunoslik, lug\u02bbatshunoslik, tilshunoslik, geografiya, aruz, mantiq, diniy ilmlar, Qur\u02bcon tafsirini mukammal egallagan.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Buyuk allomaning bebaho merosi durdonalari orasida tilshunoslikka oid eng mashhur asarlaridan \u201cSharh abyat kitob Sibavayh\u201d (\u201cSibavayh kitobining sharhi\u201d), \u201cAl-Mufassal\u201d, \u201cAl-Unmuzaj\u201d (grammatikaga oid) alohida ahamiyatga ega. Bundan tashqari, bobokalonimiz lug\u02bbatshunoslik sohasida ham salmoqli ishlar olib borgan. Yangi usuldan foydalanib, dunyoga mashhur bir necha lug\u02bbatni tuzgan. Shular jumlasiga \u201cAl-Foiq fi g\u02bbaribil hadis\u201d, Asosul balog\u02bba (\u201cBalog\u02bbat asosi\u201d), \u201cAl-Mu\u02bcjamul arabiyyatul forisiyyat\u201d, \u201cMuqaddamatul adab\u201d \u00a0asarlari kiradi. Shu bilan birga, Qur\u02bconi karimga yozgan sharhlarini o\u02bbz ichiga olgan \u201cAl-Kashshof\u201d asari islom olamida tafsirga oid asarlar orasida eng mukammali ekanligi sharqshunos va arabshunos olimlar tomonidan tan olingan. Mazkur asarlarning qo\u02bblyozma va toshbosma nusxalari turli mamlakatlar qo\u02bblyozma fondlarida saqlanmoqda hamda, ko\u02bbplab dorilfununlarda darslik sifatida haligacha qo\u02bbllanib kelmoqda. Ular aksariyatiga atoqli va nufuzli olimlar tomonidan sharhlar yozilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mashhur tarixchi Ibn Qiftiy (vaf.1248 y., Halab) \u201cZamaxshariy ilmul adab, nahv va lug\u02bbat bobida o\u02bbzgalarga misol bo\u02bbladigan alloma bo\u02bblib, hayoti davomida ko\u02bbplab buyuk olimu fuzalolar bilan uchrashgan. Alloma tafsir, hadis, nahv va boshqa sohalar bo\u02bbyicha yetuk, zukko bo\u02bblib, uning bir qancha asarlari bordir. U o\u02bbz asrida arab tilida ijod qilgan ajamlar (arab bo\u02bblmaganlar) orasida eng buyugidir,\u201d deb yozadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Arablarda ham bunday maqol bor: \u201cAgar Zamaxshariy bo\u02bblmaganida, arablar o\u02bbz tilini bilmas edi\u201d. Shunga ko\u02bbra, allomaning bunday tahsin-maqtovlarga erishishi va butun dunyoga mashhur tilshunos, grammatik olim bo\u02bblib tanilishiga sabab arab tili grammatikasiga bag\u02bbishlab yozilgan \u201cAl-Mufassal fin nahv\u201d \u2013 \u201cNahv (grammatika) haqida mufassal kitob\u201d asari bo\u02bblsa, ajab emas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Iroqlik olim Fozil Solih Samariy ma\u02bclumotiga qaraganda, Zamaxshariy qoldirgan boy ilmiy merosni quyidagicha tasniflash mumkin: diniy ilmlar, islom ulamolari va fiqhga oid asarlar; lug\u02bbatshunoslik, arab tili grammatikasi (sarf va nah ); aruz va adabiyot nazariyasi; badiiy adabiyot (she\u02bcriy devonlar va nasriy asarlar); mantiq va falsafaga oid asarlar; jo\u02bbg\u02bbrofiya va etnografiyaga oid asarlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Quyida alloma qalamiga mansub tilshunoslikka oid asarlar bilan tanishamiz. \u201cAl-Mufassal fi san\u02bcatil i\u02bcrob\u201d \u2013 \u201cE\u02bcrob san\u02bcati haqida mufassal kitob\u201d, \u201c Muqaddamatul adab\u201d \u2013 \u201cAdab ilmiga kirish\u201d, \u201c Asosul balog\u02bba\u201d \u2013 \u201cBalog\u02bbat asosi\u201d uning yirik asarlari bo\u02bblsa,tubanda keltirilganlari muayyan darajada to\u02bbldiruvchi va ilova vazifasini o\u02bbtaydi:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u201cAl-Unmuzaj fin nahv\u201d \u2013 \u201cNahv ilmidan namunalar\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u201cAl-Foiq fi g\u02bbaribil hadis\u201d \u2013 \u201cHadislardagi notanish so\u02bbzlarni izohlashga doir ajoyib asar\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. \u201cSamimul arabiya\u201d \u2013 \u201cArab tilining negizi\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. \u201cAl-Mu\u02bcjamul arabiyyatul forisiyyatu\u201d \u2013 \u201cArabcha-forscha lug\u02bbat\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. \u201cAl- Minhoj fil usul\u201d \u2013 \u201c Usul ilmidagi tartibotlar\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. \u201cAl-Mufrad val muallif fin nahv\u201d \u2013 Arab tilida birlik va ko\u02bbplik\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n
  7. \u201cSharh abyat kitob Sibavayh\u201d \u2013 \u201cSibavayh kitobi baytlarining sharhi\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. \u201cAl-Asmo fil lug\u02bbat\u201d \u2013 \u201cTilda ismlar\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. \u201cAl-Amoliy fin nahv\u201d \u2013 \u201cGrammatik qoidalarda orfografiya\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n
  10. \u201cAd-Durrud doirul muntahab fi kinoyot va istiorot va tashbehoti-l-arab\u201d \u2013 \u201cArab kinoya, istiora va tashbehlaridan tanlangan durlar\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n
  11. \u201cDevonut tamsil\u201d \u2013 Assimiliyatsiya haqida devon\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n
  12. \u201cJavohirul lug\u02bbat\u201d \u2013 \u201cTil javohirlari\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n
  13. \u201cKitabul ajnos\u201d \u2013 \u201cJinslar kitobi\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n
  14. \u201cAl-Mufrad val murakkab fil arabiya\u201d \u2013 \u201cArab tilida birlik va ko\u02bbplik\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n
  15. \u201cShofiul ayyi min kalamish Shofe\u02bciy\u201d \u2013 \u201cShofe\u02bciy so\u02bbzi yordamida tilni davolash\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n
  16. \u201cSharh \u201cMuxtasaril Quduriy\u201d \u2013 \u201cQuduriyning \u201cMuxtasar\u201d asariga sharh\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n
  17. \u201cSharhul fasih\u201d \u2013 Sa\u02bclabning \u201cFasih\u201d asariga sharh.<\/span><\/li>\n
  18. \u201cHoshiya alal \u201cMufassal\u201d \u2013 \u201cMufassal asariga hoshiya\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n
  19. \u201cSharhul ba\u02bczi mushkilatul mufassal \u2013 \u201cMufassaldagi ba\u02bczi qiyin masalalarga yozilgan sharh\u201d[3]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Mahmud Zamaxshariy qomusiy olim sifatida tilshunoslik, adabiyot, geografiya, tarix va boshqa qator yo\u02bbnalishlar bo\u02bbyicha maktab yaratgan. Alloma 200 dan ortiq shogirdi bo\u02bblgan. Asarlarini bevosita o\u02bbrganib, ilmu fanning sirlarini egallagan 100 dan ortiq olim g\u02bboyibdan o\u02bbzini Zamaxshariyning shogirdi deb hisoblagan.<\/span><\/p>\n

    [1]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Nosirova M. O\u02bbrta asrlar arab nahvidan namunalar (Mahmud Zamaxshariyning \u201cUnmuzaj fi nahv\u201d risolasi asosida). \u2013 T.: ToshDSHI nashriyoti, 2004. 5-bet<\/span><\/div>\n
    [2]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Nosirova M. O\u02bbrta asrlar arab nahvidan namunalar (Mahmud Zamaxshariyning \u201cUnmuzaj fi nahv\u201d risolasi asosida). \u2013 T.: ToshDSHI nashriyoti, 2004. 6-bet<\/span><\/div>\n
    [3]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Nosirova M.\u00a0 Tilshunoslik bilimlari tarixi (Arab tilshunosligi) \u2013 T.: Navro\u02bbz, 2019. \u2013 B. 136.<\/span><\/div>\n
    Dildora MUSINOVA,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
    ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Arab tilining qonun-qoidalari tizimi \u2013 nahv ilmini yaratgan va kamolga yetkazgan olimlar orasida bizning bobokalonimiz Mahmud Zamaxshariy muhim o\u02bbrin egallaydi. Alloma haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlar asosan O\u02bbrta asr arab manbalarida keltirilgan. Abul Qosim Mahmud ibn Umar Zamaxshariy 467\/1075 yil 27 rajab oyi \/19 martda Xorazmning Zamaxshar qishlog\u02bbida tavallud topgan. Otasi unchalik badavlat bo\u02bblmasa-da, savodli, taqvodor, diyonatli kishi …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15522,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nMAHMUD ZAMAXSHARIYNING TILSHUNOSLIKKA OID ASARLARI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=15523&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MAHMUD ZAMAXSHARIYNING TILSHUNOSLIKKA OID ASARLARI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Arab tilining qonun-qoidalari tizimi \u2013 nahv ilmini yaratgan va kamolga yetkazgan olimlar orasida bizning bobokalonimiz Mahmud Zamaxshariy muhim o\u02bbrin egallaydi. Alloma haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlar asosan O\u02bbrta asr arab manbalarida keltirilgan. Abul Qosim Mahmud ibn Umar Zamaxshariy 467\/1075 yil 27 rajab oyi \/19 martda Xorazmning Zamaxshar qishlog\u02bbida tavallud topgan. 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Alloma haqidagi ma\u02bclumotlar asosan O\u02bbrta asr arab manbalarida keltirilgan. Abul Qosim Mahmud ibn Umar Zamaxshariy 467\/1075 yil 27 rajab oyi \/19 martda Xorazmning Zamaxshar qishlog\u02bbida tavallud topgan. 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