{"id":15056,"date":"2021-04-28T10:32:03","date_gmt":"2021-04-28T05:32:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=15056"},"modified":"2021-04-28T10:32:03","modified_gmt":"2021-04-28T05:32:03","slug":"hadis-rivoyat-qilish-odobi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=15056&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"Hadis rivoyat qilish odobi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hadis ilmi tarixiga yana ham chuqur nazar tashlaydigan bo\u02bblsak, dastlab xalifa Umar bin Abdulaziz buyrug\u02bbiga binoan Ibn Shihob Zuhriy sodda qilib bir kitob ta\u02bclif etgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sahobalar yorug\u02bb dunyoni tark etganidan so\u02bbng tobeinlar asri, shu bilan birga, fitna, adashgan firqa va bid\u02bcatlar davri boshlandi. Bu boshboshdoqliklar fitna eshigi sindirilishi bilan boshlangan edi. Huzayfa roziyallohu anhudan rivoyat qilinadi: \u201cUmarning oldida edik. Shunda u: \u201cQaysingiz Rasululloh sallollohu alayhi vasallamning fitna haqidagi hadislarini o\u02bbzlari aytgandek yoddan biladi?\u201d dedi. \u201cMen\u201d, dedim. U: \u201cSen hadisi ravshan kishisan, nima dedilar?\u201d dedi. \u201cRasululloh sallollohu alayhi vasallamning: \u201cOdamning fitnasi ahlida, mol-mulkida, nafsida, farzandida va qo\u02bbshnisidadir. Ularni ro\u02bbza, namoz, sadaqa, amri ma\u02bcruf va nahiy munkar yuvib yuboradi\u201d, deganlarini eshitganman\u201d, dedim. Shunda Umar: \u201cBuni so\u02bbramayapman, dengiz to\u02bblqini kabi keladigan (fitna) to\u02bblqinni so\u02bbrayapman\u201d, dedi. \u201cU bilan sizning nima ishingiz bor, ey amir ul-mo\u02bbminin! Siz va uning o\u02bbrtasida yopilgan bir eshik bor\u201d, dedim. U: \u201cEshik sindiriladimi yoki ochiladimi?\u201d dedi. \u201cSindiriladi\u201d, dedim. Umar: \u201cUnday bo\u02bblsa, hech qachon (qiyomat kunigacha) yopilmas ekan-da\u201d, dedi. Biz Huzayfaga: \u201cUmar eshik haqida bilarmidi?\u201d dedik. U: \u201cHa, ertadan oldin kechasi bo\u02bblishini bilgandek bilar edi\u201d, dedi\u201d\u00a0(\u201cSahihi Muslim\u201d muqaddimasidan)<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shu eshik Umar roziyallohu anhuning qatli bilan sindirilgan edi. Buni majusiy qilgan. Shu sababli fitnalar eshigi ochilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Keyinchalik asli majusiy bo\u02bblgan Abu Lu\u02bclu\u02bca Feruzning ochgan yo\u02bblini yahudiy Abdulloh ibn Saba\u02bc davom ettirdi. U Islomdagi har bir fitnaning asosi bo\u02bblib qoldi. Keyin fitna va bid\u02bcatlar ergashib, inson o\u02bbz fe\u02bcli (xatti-harakati)ning yaratuvchisi deydigan qadariylar, so\u02bbng aqllariga tayangan holda Ollohning kitobi va Rasulining sunnatiga qarshi chiqqan jahmiylar, sunnatni mutlaq inkor qilgan rofiziylar, aql-idrokni aqidaning asosi deb e\u02bctirof etgan, o\u02bbzlarini tavhid va adolat tarafdorlari, deb bilgan mo\u02bbtaziliylar va boshqa adashgan firqalar paydo bo\u02bbla boshladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fitna, bid\u02bcat va adashgan firqalar tarqalgan paytda kelajak avlod bo\u02bblmish tobeinlar, ularning izdoshlari, ulardan keyingi asrning ulamolari sunnatni saqlash uchun hadislarni asrab-avaylash, musnadni aniqlashtirish, musulmon ummatining xususiyatiga aylangan, natijada rijol ilmi, ya\u02bcni hadis rivoyat qiladigan kishilarning holati va xabarlari naqlidan xabardor bo\u02bblish kabi omillarga e\u02bctibor qaratdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sahifa va ma\u02bclum qismlarda yozish bilan boshlangan sunnat keyinchalik \u201cKutub us-sitta\u201d (\u201cOlti mashhur sahih kitob\u201d) va \u201cMuvatto\u201d kabi alohida-alohida boblarga bo\u02bblingan, muayyan kitob holiga keltirilgan asarlar yoki \u201cMusnadi Ahmad\u201d kabi musnadlar shaklida rivojlangan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hadis ilmi tarixiga yana ham chuqur nazar tashlaydigan bo\u02bblsak, dastlab xalifa Umar bin Abdulaziz buyrug\u02bbiga binoan Ibn Shihob Zuhriy sodda qilib bir kitob ta\u02bclif qilgan. Rasmiy ravishda hadis kitoblari yozish shundan boshlangan. Ulamolar bunday muborak va mas\u02bculiyatli vazifaga bel bog\u02bblab, sunnatni ishonchli, adolatli rivoyatlardan olishni, sunnati nabaviyaning pok, sof ekanini isbotlashni o\u02bbz oldiga vazifa qilib qo\u02bbygan. Tobeinlar bu maqsadga erishish yo\u02bblida insoniyat tarixida misli ko\u02bbrilmagan darajada ulkan, nozik va o\u02bbta qaltis ish olib borgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mazkur omillar tufayli tobeinlar davrida sunnatni o\u02bbrganishning o\u02bbziga xos jihat va shartlari paydo bo\u02bbldi. Hadis roviylarining holati, xabarlarning naql qilinishi va ishonchli bo\u02bblmaganlarini muomalaga kiritmaslik kabi mavzular birinchi o\u02bbringa qo\u02bbyildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buning nechog\u02bbli mas\u02bculiyatli ish bo\u02bblganini quyidagi hadislardan bilib olsak bo\u02bbladi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imom Muslim ibn Hajjoj: \u201cBilgin, Olloh seni muvaffaq qilsinki, hadisning to\u02bbg\u02bbri va noto\u02bbg\u02bbrisini ajratgan har bir kishi faqat ishonchli, sofdil odamlar naql etgan hadislarnigina rivoyat qilib, bid\u02bcatchi va o\u02bbzbilarmonlar rivoyat qilgan hadisdan chetlanishi lozim\u201d, deydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abu Hurayra roziyallohu anhudan rivoyat qilingan bir hadisda: \u201cRasululloh sallollohu alayhi vasallam: \u201cOxir zamonda yolg\u02bbonchi dajjollar paydo bo\u02bbladi. Ular na siz va na otalaringiz eshitgan hadislarni olib keladi. Bas, ulardan chetlanib, o\u02bbzingizni yiroq tuting. Sizni adashtirib, fitnalantirib qo\u02bbymasin\u201d, dedilar\u201d, deydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mujohiddan rivoyat qilingan yana bir hadisda: \u201cBushayr Adaviy Ibn Abbos roziyallohu anhu huzuriga kelib, Rasululloh sallollohu alayhi vasallam unday deganlar, Rasululloh sallollohu alayhi vasallam bunday deganlar, deb gapira boshladi. Ibn Abbos uning gapiga quloq ham tutmadi, qarab ham qo\u02bbymadi. Shunda u: \u201cEy Ibn Abbos, nima bo\u02bbldi, hadisimga quloq solmayapsiz, sizga Rasululloh sallollohu alayhi vasallamdan hadis rivoyat qilsam, eshitmayapsiz, gapirsam, unga quloq tutayotganingizni ko\u02bbrmayapman\u201d, deganida, Ibn Abbos: \u201cBiz ilgari agar biror kishidan Rasululloh sallollohu alayhi vasallam aytdilar, degan so\u02bbzni eshitsak, ko\u02bbzlarimiz (uni ko\u02bbrishga), quloqlarimiz eshitishga shoshardi. Odamlar to\u02bbg\u02bbri va noto\u02bbg\u02bbri yo\u02bbllarga yuraveradigan bo\u02bblib ketganidan keyin odamlardan faqatgina bilgan narsalarimizni oldik, xolos\u201d, dedi\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Muhammad ibn Siyrin: \u201cAlbatta, ilm \u2013 dindir. Bas, diningizni kimdan olayotganingizga qarang\u201d, deydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yana Ibn Siyrin: \u201cIlgari odamlar sanad haqida so\u02bbramas edi. Qachonki, fitnalar sodir bo\u02bblgach, bizga \u201cHadis gapiruvchi kishilaringizni nomma-nom ayting\u201d, deydigan bo\u02bblishdi. Bas, ahli sunnaga qarab, ulardan hadis olinar edi. Ahli bid\u02bcatga qarab, hadislari olinmas edi\u201d, deydi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Abdulloh ibn Muborak: \u201cHadisdagi sanad (ya\u02bcni falonchi pistonchidan rivoyat qilgan, deb nomma-nom zikr qilish) dindandir. Agar sanad bo\u02bblmasa, xohlagan kishi xohlagan narsasini aytaveradi\u201d, deydi\u00a0(Barchasi \u201cSahihi Muslim\u201d muqaddimasidan)<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bunday misollar ko\u02bbp uchraydi. Demak, hadis rivoyati shunchaki oddiy gap kabi bo\u02bblmagan, unga juda katta ahamiyat berilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shu tariqa tobeinlar va keyingi allomalar hadislarni yozishda yuqorida kelgan ma\u02bclumotlar asosida avval sinchiklab, saralab olishga qat\u02bciy kirishib, keyingi ummatga sof va ishonchli bo\u02bblgan hadis asarlarini meros qilib qoldirdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qodirxon MAHMUDOV,<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
ilmiy xodimi<\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Manba:\u00a0yuz.uz<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hadis ilmi tarixiga yana ham chuqur nazar tashlaydigan bo\u02bblsak, dastlab xalifa Umar bin Abdulaziz buyrug\u02bbiga binoan Ibn Shihob Zuhriy sodda qilib bir kitob ta\u02bclif etgan. Sahobalar yorug\u02bb dunyoni tark etganidan so\u02bbng tobeinlar asri, shu bilan birga, fitna, adashgan firqa va bid\u02bcatlar davri boshlandi. Bu boshboshdoqliklar fitna eshigi sindirilishi bilan boshlangan edi. Huzayfa roziyallohu anhudan rivoyat …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15052,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nHadis rivoyat qilish odobi - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=15056&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hadis rivoyat qilish odobi - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hadis ilmi tarixiga yana ham chuqur nazar tashlaydigan bo\u02bblsak, dastlab xalifa Umar bin Abdulaziz buyrug\u02bbiga binoan Ibn Shihob Zuhriy sodda qilib bir kitob ta\u02bclif etgan. Sahobalar yorug\u02bb dunyoni tark etganidan so\u02bbng tobeinlar asri, shu bilan birga, fitna, adashgan firqa va bid\u02bcatlar davri boshlandi. Bu boshboshdoqliklar fitna eshigi sindirilishi bilan boshlangan edi. 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