{"id":13644,"date":"2021-01-20T10:57:34","date_gmt":"2021-01-20T05:57:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bukhari.uz\/?p=13644"},"modified":"2021-01-20T10:57:34","modified_gmt":"2021-01-20T05:57:34","slug":"marifat-dunyosi-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=13644&lang=oz","title":{"rendered":"MA\u2019RIFAT DUNYOSI"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ilm-fan taraqqiy etmagan hech bir o\u2018lkada erkin va farovon jamiyat qurib bo\u2018lmasligini hayotning o\u2018zi isbotlagan. Mavjud zamonda o\u2018tmish va kelajakni bir-biriga bog\u2018lovchi zanjir yoshlarning intellektual salohiyati ekanligi adiblarimiz asarlarida takror va takror aytilib kelingan. Ma\u2019rifatga chorlovchi Abdulla Avloniyning: \u201cIlmning foydasi u qadar ko\u2018pdurki, ta\u2019rif qilg\u2018on birla ado qilmak mumkin emasdur. Bizlarni jaholat qorong\u2018ulig\u2018idan qutqarur, madaniyat, insoniyat, ma\u2019rifat dunyosiga chiqarur, yomon fe\u2019llardan, buzug\u2018 ishlardan qaytarur, yaxshi xulq va adab sohibi qilur, \u2026[1]<\/a>– degan da\u2019vatida ham bu munosabat yaqqol ko\u2018zga tashlanadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0XIX asrda yangi hududlarni o\u2018z nazoratiga olgan Buyuk Britaniya, Fransiya, Germaniya, Ispaniya kabi davlatlar XX asr boshlariga kelib milliy norozilik harakatlarining kuchayib borishi natijasida o\u2018zlarining boshqaruv munosabatlarini zamona siyosiy holatiga moslashtirganliklarini tarixiy ma\u2019lumotlarda uchratamiz. Sovet hukumati vakillari ham bundan istisno emas edi. Siyosiy, iqtisodiy sohalar qatori ta\u2019lim tizimida ham o\u2018zgarishlar kiritganlarini kuzatish mumkin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Oktabr inqilobidan so\u2018ng milionlab xalqlar ijod erkinligiga erishdik deb\u00a0 sotsialistik taraqqiyot sari qadam tashlaganlar. Ammo, sovet hukumati oldindan bu o\u2018tishda Kommunistik partiya yakka yo\u2018lboshchi bo\u2018lishini rejalashtirgan edi. Misol uchun, 1921 yil mart oyiga kelib RKP (b) yig\u2018ilishi o\u2018tkazilib unda \u201cmilliy masala\u201d yuzasidan partiyaning siyosiy vazifasi: \u201c\u2026rus bo\u2018lmagan xalqlarning mehnatkashlar ommasiga ijtimoiy hayotning hamma sohalarida Markaziy Rossiyaning ilg\u2018or xalqlariga yetib olish ishida yordamlashishdan iboratdir\u201d[2]<\/a>– deb rezolyutsiya qabul qilishida kuzatiladi. Ushbu rezolyutsiya asosida kurs va maktablarni ochish hamda ko\u2018paytirish, ilm-fan, kasb-hunar, xalq ta\u2019limi, matbuot hamda teatrlar ustidan nazoratni o\u2018z-o\u2018zidan partiya ixtiyoriga o\u2018tkaza boshlanganlar. Bu tartib Turkiston xalqining shaxsiy tashabbuslarini jilovlash yo\u2018lidagi dastlabki qadam ham edi. Qadimdan o\u2018z bilim va tafakkuriga ega xalqlar shu tartibda \u201cyangicha g\u2018oyaga ixtiyoriy\u201d\u00a0 tarzda da\u2019vat etila boshlangan. Sotsialistik g\u2018oyaga qarshi bo\u2018lgan shaxslar hamda guruhlar esa davlatning siyosiy dushmani sifatida turli qiynoq va qatag\u2018onlarga uchratilgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkiston, Buxoro va Xorazm o\u2018lkalarining barcha hududlariga \u00a0\u201csotsialistik, baynalmillal\u201d g\u2018oyani yoyish maqsadida sovet hukumati choralar ko\u2018ra boshlagan. \u00a0Misol: \u201cRossiyada Xorazmga muallim kadrlar va madaniy oqartuv xodimlari muntazam ravishda yuborilib turildi. Chunonchi, Xorazmga RSFSRdan 1921 yilda 40 nafarga yaqin, 1923 yilda 30 nafardan ko\u2018proq maorif xodimlari kelib ishlay boshladi. Ularning ko\u2018plari mahalliy tillarni bilgan kishilar edi.\u201d[3]<\/a> Shu tariqa yangi g\u2018oya va mafkurani targ\u2018ib etishni sovet hukumati bosqichma-bosqich amalga oshirgan.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ta\u2019lim sohasida \u2013 \u201c1925 yilda ham O\u2018zbekistonda 97 ta vaqf maktablari va 1,5 mingdan ortiq eski maktablar faoliyat ko\u2018rsatmoqda edi. Shulardan 250 tasi yashirin holda ishladi. Ammo 1928 yilga kelib sovetlar hukumati O\u2018zbekistonda eski milliy maktablar faoliyatini batamom ta\u2019qiqlab qo\u2018ydi\u201d[4]<\/a>. Bu jamiyatning keng qatlamini ilm-fandan yiroqlashuvini sun\u2019iy tarzda\u00a0 shakllantirib, keyinchalik \u201csavodsizlikni\u201d bartaraf etish ilinjida yangi qoidalar ishlab chiqarishiga bahona bo\u2018ldi.\u00a0 \u201cSavodsizlikni\u201d tugatish uchun mablag\u2018ni ayamagan hukumat siyosatini \u201cxalq maorifiga sarflangan kapital mablag\u2018lar birinchi besh yillikda 395,5 million so\u2018mni tashkil etgan bo\u2018lsa, ikkinchi besh yillikda 1162,5 million so\u2018m\u201d[5]<\/a> gacha oshirganida ham ko\u2018rsa bo\u2018ladi. XX asr 30 yillarida \u201ckomsomol va partiyasiz yoshlardan madaniy armiyachilar deb atalmish faol jamoatchilar tuzildi. Ular savodsizlikni tugatish maktablari tashkil etish, savodsizlarni o\u2018qitish, ularning siyosiy ongini oshirish ishlarini shijoat bilan bajardilar. 1930-1931 yillar mobaynida shunday armiyachilar soni 12 mingdan 16 ming nafarga yetdi\u201d[6]<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Yakkapartiyaviy tartibga asoslangan sovet hukumati xalqlarning mafkuraviy qarashlarini turli jamiyatlarlarni tashkil etish orqali o\u2018z qo\u2018liga olishgan. Sotsialistik jamiyat tuzish bayrog\u2018i ostida\u00a0 turli tillarda so\u2018zlashuvchi xalqlarni birlashtirib, alohida bir \u00a0millatning adolatli g\u2018oya va talablarini esa millatchilikda yoyib jazolay boshlaganlar. Shuningdek, sovet hukumatining ilgari surgan madaniy inqilob tartibi ham sotsializm jamiyati uchun xizmat qilishi lozim bo\u2018lgan mezonlardan biriga aylantirilgan edi. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Xulosa qilib aytganda, sovet hokimiyati davrida siyosiy jihatdan qat\u2019iy nazoratda bo\u2018lgan Turkiston ahli madaniy qoloqlik botqog\u2018iga ham tushgan edi. Shu bilan birga aholining asosiy qatlamini tashkil etgan dehqonlarning moddiy imkoniyatidagi og\u2018ir holat ularning ta\u2019lim olishiga qiyinchiliklarni keltirgan. Bu ularning zamona ilm-fanidan yiroqlashuviga sabab bo\u2018ldi. Ammo zamona ilm-fanini bilan ota-bobolarimiz qoldirgan merosni chuqur anglab yetgan Vatan farzandlari o\u2018zligini saqlash uchun doimo kurashib keldilar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Suxrob ERGASHEV <\/strong><\/span><\/div>\n
Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-<\/span><\/div>\n
tadqiqot markazi ilmiy xodimi<\/span><\/div>\n
_________________________________________________________________________________<\/div>\n
[1]<\/a> Turkiy Guliston yoxud axloq. Abdulla Avloniy. www.ziyouz.com <\/strong>kutubxonasi. 11-bet.<\/span><\/div>\n
[2]<\/a> \u201cO\u2019zbekiston SSR tarixi\u201d Qadimgi davrdan hozirgi kunlargacha. O\u2019zSSR FA akad. I.M. Muminov tahriri ostida. \u2013T., \u201cFan\u201d 1974. 656 bet. 376-b.<\/span><\/div>\n
[3]<\/a> \u201cO\u2019zbekiston SSR tarixi\u201d Qadimgi davrdan hozirgi kunlargacha. O\u2019zSSR FA akad. I.M. Muminov tahriri ostida. \u2013T., \u201cFan\u201d 1974. 656 bet. 367-b.<\/span><\/div>\n
[4]<\/a> Rustambek Shamsutdinov, Shodi Karimov \u201cVatan tarixi\u201d 3-kitob, Sharq nashriyot matbaa aksiyadorlik kompaniyasi. T-2010 yil. 284-bet.<\/span><\/div>\n
[5]<\/a> Rustambek Shamsutdinov, Shodi Karimov \u201cVatan tarixi\u201d 3-kitob, Sharq nashriyot matbaa aksiyadorlik kompaniyasi. T-2010 yil. 285-bet<\/span><\/div>\n
[6]<\/a> Choriyev A.X. \u201cMustabid sho\u2019rolar tuzumi sharoitida O\u2019zbekiston xalq ta\u2019limi va o\u2019qituvchi kadrlar tayyorlash: milliy an\u2019anaviy va sho\u2019ro ta\u2019lim tizimlari o\u2019rtasidagi ziddiyatlar (20-30 yillar)\u201d tarix fanlari doktori ilmiy darajasini olish uchun yozilgan dissertatsiya. T-1998 y. 311 b. 200-bet.<\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ilm-fan taraqqiy etmagan hech bir o\u2018lkada erkin va farovon jamiyat qurib bo\u2018lmasligini hayotning o\u2018zi isbotlagan. Mavjud zamonda o\u2018tmish va kelajakni bir-biriga bog\u2018lovchi zanjir yoshlarning intellektual salohiyati ekanligi adiblarimiz asarlarida takror va takror aytilib kelingan. Ma\u2019rifatga chorlovchi Abdulla Avloniyning: \u201cIlmning foydasi u qadar ko\u2018pdurki, ta\u2019rif qilg\u2018on birla ado qilmak mumkin emasdur. Bizlarni jaholat qorong\u2018ulig\u2018idan qutqarur, madaniyat, …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13642,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[639],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nMA\u2019RIFAT DUNYOSI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bukhari.uz\/?p=13644&lang=oz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"MA\u2019RIFAT DUNYOSI - Imom Buxoriy xalqaro ilmiy-tadqiqot markazi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ilm-fan taraqqiy etmagan hech bir o\u2018lkada erkin va farovon jamiyat qurib bo\u2018lmasligini hayotning o\u2018zi isbotlagan. 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