FROM THE HISTORY OF ACTIVITIES OF JADIDS. Abdukodir Shakuriy (1875 – 1943)

Abdukodir Shakuriy, a great representative of the Jadid movement and opened the first Jadid school in Samarkand, was born in 1875 in Samarkand. His father, Mulla Abdushukur, was a gardener. At the age of 9, his father died and his mother fully educated her son. He received the starting information at his mother’s school, and then continued his studies at Tillakori and Orifjonboy madrassas in Samarkand. After graduating Madrasah in 1901, he dedicated his life to teaching.

Shakuriy read the I.Gaspirali’s newspaper “Tarjimon”, Fotih Karimiy’s newspaper “Vaqt” and Rizo Faxriddin’s magazine “Shuro”. At the same time, he opened a new method school. In 1904, Abdukodir Shakuriy met with Mahmudhoja Bekhbudiy, the leader of the Jadid Movement in Turkistan and there will be co-operation between them.

Shakuriy created the textbook “Rahbari savod” together with Hoji Muin Shukrullaev for the schools of “Usuli jadid”, the reading books named “Jome’ul Hikoyat”, “Zubdatul-ash’or” with an outstanding pedagogue Ismatulla Rakhmatullaev and the alphabetical textbook for the first-graders “Ta’limi alifbo yohud rahbari maktab”. These works were a novelty for the Jadid pedagogy.

In 1915, in Tashkent, Shakuriy published an alphabetical textbook named “Ta’limi alifbo yohud rahbari maktab” together with his disciple, well known teacher Ismatulla  Rakhmatullaev. The textbook was divided into two parts, the first part was devoted to introducing the letters in the “Alphabet”, reading them and writing exercises. In 1911, Abdukodir Shakuriy created the reading book named “Jome’ul hikoyat” for the second class of the “Usuli jadid” schools.

Abdukodir Shakuriy opened the “Usuli-jadid” school for girls in Samarkand region, where his wife Muyassara was teacher. He entered Russian language to the lesson schedule as a separate subject in his own school, and Saidahmad Siddiqiy, one of the famous jadid, taught this subject.

A. Shakuriy continued his pedagogical activity during Soviet times too. From 1918 to 1925, he worked as a director, Uzbek language and literature teacher at the 13th and 44th schools which organized by himself, and educated dozens of teachers. In 1923, the newspaper “Pravda” announced a contest for the most experienced and best-educated teacher in the former Soviet Union and published 27 names of winner teachers in 1923. Among them was Shakuriy, as well as, there were small article about him. But, from the second half of the 1920s, Soviets who were strengthened its position had gone on the way of persecution of “old” intellectuals, spiritually and physically breaking and violence. Even if Shakuriy was recognized as the best and most experienced teacher, they closed his school in 1925. From 1925 till the years of repression he was busy with gardening. Shakuriy was arrested on August 5, 1937 as a member of the anti-revolutionary organization “Milliy Ittihod” and anti sovet propagandist. On November 21, 1937, according to the decision of the “triple” commission of the NKVD he was sentenced to ten years in prison. At that time, he was 62 years old. Abdukodir Shakuriy was the victim of Stalin’s repression in 1943. In 1956,  Abdukodir Shakuriy, a well-known pedagogue, was acquitted as the absolutely innocent.

Jumaev Jonibek
Scientist of the Department religious-education measures of Imom Bukhari international scientific-research center